... both. This message had been preached to Jews and to Gentiles alike. 26:21–23 It was his ministry to the Gentiles, and that he had treated the Gentiles as on the same footing as they were, however, that had provoked the ire of the Jews (how far in Jewish thought the Gentiles were from equality may be seen in texts such as Psalms of Solomon 17:32 and 2 Baruch 72; see disc. on 22:22f.). So they had seized him in the temple and had tried to kill him. Paul said nothing of his alleged profanation of the temple ...
... “in the presence of Christ.” The phrase “in the presence” (lit., “in the face”) is used in the LXX of being in close physical proximity to another person (cf. Jer. 52:25; 2 Macc. 14:24; Prov. 4:3; 25:7). In light of Paul’s whole train of thought in 2:14–4:6, however, the idea of “in the presence of Christ” is at least latent, for Paul argues in that passage that he is a Moses-like revelatory mediator who has direct access to the very presence of God in Christ, that is, the throne of God ...
... the text at this point is on the manner of knowing rather than on the object per se. Paul’s radical change of mind about Jesus came about as the result of his encounter with the resurrected Lord on the way to Damascus. At that time, the one whom Paul thought was crucified and “accursed” in the body confronted him in the splendor of divine glory (cf. 2 Cor. 4:6; 1 Cor. 9:1). Exalted to the right hand of God to share God’s throne on the merkabah, Christ revealed himself to Paul as the Son of God, as ...
... with Christ. Paul uses the Greek aorist (past) tense when he says that he died to the law and the Greek perfect tense (which indicates that an event in the past has continuing results in the present) when he says he has been crucified with Christ. This suggests that Paul thought of his death to the law as having happened in the past, but he defines his life in the present as one of being crucified with Christ. This is why Paul can say I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I live in the body, I ...
... to Judaism. Ezekiel is given a vision of a heavenly Jerusalem that would be the model for the new Jerusalem to be built (Ezek. 40–48). But, while there is precedence in Jewish literature for the concept of a heavenly Jerusalem, such a Jerusalem was thought to be a counterpart to the earthly Jerusalem. Paul’s contrasting of the present with the heavenly Jerusalem appears to be unique (see Lincoln, Paradise Now and Not Yet, pp. 18–22). The Jerusalem that is above has a future and a present referent. It ...
... . The only other instance of this word in the NT concerns the civil magistrates in Romans 13:4. It would appear, then, that Paul envisions a trial in which Jesus is the judge (cf. Acts 10:42; 17:31; 1 Cor. 4:5; 2 Thess. 1:8). His thought is probably of the Parousia, although the NT, and indeed Paul himself, is not unfamiliar with the idea of divine judgment taking place even now (cf. John 3:18; Rom. 1:24, 26, 28). And this judgment will take account of, among other things, sexual morality. Earlier, the ...
... then they will see that the praise is addressed to the one to whom it is due, to God. The employment of gifts in service is not to promote any pride in human achievement (1 Cor. 4:7), but to further God’s glory through Jesus Christ. Peter brings the thought back yet again to his Lord, who is at the heart of every Christian life and whose glory is the object of all Christian work. The sounding out of a paean of praise in a doxology therefore follows naturally: To him be the glory and the power for ever and ...
... –80). They might well chide the false teachers and be abused in return for their trouble. In the LXX doxa can be used to mean leader or nobleman (Mic. 1:15). But NIV is probably right to interpret doxai as angels. The Dead Sea Scrolls indicate that angels were thought of as present at meetings of the congregation (1QSa 2.8) and in the camp of the “sons of light” (1QM 7.6). The slander of the false teachers would be the decrying of such a notion. See also Additional Note on Jude 8 regarding doxai. 2:11 ...
... great joy, his great joy as well as ours. God’s supreme object is to make the church of believers fit to be presented to himself (Eph. 5:27) as a sacrificial offering, “through” the actual perfect sacrifice of “Jesus Christ our Lord” (1 Pet. 1:19). The same thought is in Eph. 1:4; Col. 1:22; 1 Thess. 3:13. 25 He is our only God. The expression reflects Israel’s creed “Hear, O Israel: the Lord our God, the Lord is one” (Deut. 6:4). While the further descriptive term our Savior is one that the ...
... to the rulers of Judah, verse 14c–e, although why kings is in the plural here is unknown. Perhaps it is intended to refer to all of the civil authorities, or to Hezekiah and the kings following after him. The former seems to be the case, since the thought continues into the next verse. 1:15 A conqueror will come against Mareshah, verse 15a–b, another of the fortified cities to the northeast of Lachish, whose conquest will open the way into the interior of Judah. As a result, Israel’s glory—i.e., its ...
... chapter was not a proper Passover, and that the disciples still expected that they would all celebrate the Passover together (see note on 13:23). The reference to the poor recalls 12:5–6 and, in light of that exchange, strikes a note of irony: The disciples who thought Judas was collecting for the poor could hardly have been more mistaken. 13:30 As soon as Judas had taken: The Greek particle oun is again left untranslated in NIV (cf. note on v. 27); like the oun of v. 27, it is probably meant to resume ...
... hearts (vv. 21–22a), and (b) we are keeping his commands and are doing what pleases him (lit., “the pleasing things before him we are doing”; cf. John 8:29: Jesus always does what pleases God, and Eph. 5:10: “find out what pleases the Lord”). A similar thought is expressed in 2:3, where keeping God’s commands is the way to assured knowledge of God. (For other results of obedience, cf. John 8:51; 9:31; 14:21; 15:10.) Here it is the way to effective prayer. It is only as the community realizes its ...
... issue is whether this account reports a universal or a local flood. It is important to stress that the cosmology of the OT allowed for a universal flood. At creation God divided the sea into two parts and then formed the mountains (1:6–10). In ancient thought God could reverse the steps of creation at will, causing the mountains to sink and the seas to rise (Ps. 104:5–9). Furthermore, the view of chaos-cosmos is tied into that of God’s blessing and cursing. Thus in judgment God moves the earth toward ...
... his journey was over; he had had enough (Hb. raḇ, v. 4). But now he is to fortify himself for a further journey, that will be too much (Hb. raḇ, v. 7) for him if he does not eat. Food was God’s response when, at the end (as he thought) of his journey, Elijah cried “Enough!”; now food is provided a second time so that he will genuinely have enough—to complete his journey! He seems to know what the angel means. He sets out for Horeb, the mountain of God (v. 8; cf. Exod. 3:1). The forty days ...
... 2 Sam. 14, the king of Tyre in Ezek. 28). In contrast with the confines of little Judah, the ideal will also be realized in a land that stretches far. The expression is no longer a threat (cf. 30:27, and related words in 5:26; 6:12). In their thoughts that had likewise gone far away from Yahweh (29:13) they will ponder the former terror like the lion that caused it (31:4, NIV “growls”). The one who took the revenue occurs only here in the OT; officer is Shebna’s title in chapters 36–37, though not ...
... on destroying him. Teaching the Text When people are upset about an injustice, they may well rehearse in their minds what they would say if given the opportunity to speak to someone who could make a difference. That is what Job does in chapter 10, as he expresses his inner thoughts of what he wants to say to God (10:2). In this chapter it is clear that Job wants to tell God how he feels wrongfully judged by him. As we read this chapter, we are able to overhear what is going on in Job’s mind and heart as ...
... in his image; to other humans, because we are “male” and “female” and should “increase in number” and “fill the earth” (Gen. 1:27–28); and to the rest of the created order, because we are to “rule” over it. In ancient Near Eastern thought the gods made human beings to be their slave laborers, but in Psalm 8 they are God’s vice-regents to rule the earth. Even God’s crowning humankind with “glory and honor” (8:5) evidently alludes to his work of ruling over creation. Messianic ...
... reassured her likewise. Then on another Sunday as my wife was sitting near her and her parents before worship began, my wife overheard my admirer say, “Is he God?” Evidently the parents reassured her that I was not, and then she remonstrated, “Yes, he is!” I have thought about that a lot. The obvious is true: I am not God! But that little girl, in her innocence and growing faith, made up her mind that I was God. But what if I stumbled or misstepped and did or said something that gave her a distorted ...
... another look at the way in which we have put things together. That can be a judgment day. Ironically, a success may do the same thing. When you finally achieve all of the goals you set for yourself and have gotten all of the things you thought would make life good and discover that those goals didn't deliver what they promised, that too can be a judgment day. That can send us looking for something more substantially significant to hang our hopes on. It is significant that Jesus talked about judgment day ...
... Or maybe we have given up on any hope that anything can be much different from the way things are. Or maybe we just haven't thought about it. There are times in our lives when we may feel a desperate need to recover hope. That may happen when a dream has died ... give life beyond death. In these ways Bill took hold of hope and let it shape his life. He had never been a person who thought of his faith primarily as having to do with what would come after death, but now it was time to think about that. Bill began ...
... . He was told by his foreman to go to the clinic. He stepped inside the clinic and saw an empty room with only a desk and two chairs. Toward the back of the room there were two doors, one marked, “Illness” and the other marked, “Injury.” The man thought to himself, “I am not sick, I have just hurt my thumb.” He walked through the door marked “Injury.” He found himself in a second room. It was also empty except for a desk and two chairs. Toward the back door there were two doors, one marked ...
... how he came to cope with one of his most vexing problems. One evening he came home from a very difficult meeting, exhausted and quite depressed. Actually he was very angry at someone at that meeting. He wanted in some way to express his anger. He thought of writing a bitter, cruel letter to crush his opponent. He constructed horribly mean phrases in his mind. He took great delight in savoring the anticipated effect of each cruel word. He tried to pray about the matter, but he found that he didn’t really ...
... at the bottom. Quite suddenly, the door fell open. Before he could do anything Dempsey was sucked part way out. He fell face down on the stairs and grabbed for something--anything that might save his life. He caught a railing and held on. The co-pilot thought he had fallen to the ground 4000 feet below and diverted the flight to a nearby airport. When he landed Dempsey was found with his face 12 inches off the runway, still alive, but with his hands so tightly gripped around the rails that his fingers had ...
... legal setting (14:5; cf. 12:17) and in general. Mocking fools cannot obtain wisdom; therefore, their words will be devoid of true knowledge (14:6–7). Proverbs 14:8–15 addresses self-perception and self-deception, framed by the phrase “the prudent give thought to their ways/steps” (14:8, 15). The prudent perceive where they are heading, while fools do not have a clue! Mockers do not even take sin (and the resultant need to make amends) seriously, while the upright do and receive (divine) approval (14 ...
... Ash Wednesday is all about. In Isaiah's words, "Seek the Lord while he may be found, call upon him while he is near; let the wicked forsake their way, and the unrighteous their thoughts; let them return to the Lord, that he may have mercy on them, and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon. For my thoughts are not your thoughts, nor are your ways my ways, says the Lord" (Isaiah 55:6-8). Finally, repentance calls for a return to the ways of Jesus. "I declared first to those in Damascus, then in Jerusalem ...