... and Moab). They are persons mostly of foreign descent. Some are mixed Jews, whose ancestors intermarried with people brought in by the Assyrians (cf. 2 Kings 17:24–25). Some are Jews in Judah or nearby lands whose faith has become diluted with local religious beliefs. But the author calls the peoples enemies. At first glance it appears that they want to help. They even claim that they worship the same God. But the rest of Ezra-Nehemiah shows their deep hatred of the Jews. The returned exiles reject their ...
Once more (cf. 24:4), David boldly proclaims what appears to be a belief that he is without sin . . . or does he? With confidence, David declares himself to be blameless (26:1, 11), willing to be tested by God (26:2), faithful to God’s word (26:3), an avoider ... greatness,” David speaks truth about his actual godliness and, like the tax collector in that parable, recognizes his need for God’s mercy (26:11). David trusts God fully; he does not waiver in his belief in the true God of Israel (26:1).
... in the resurrection of the dead and in the existence of angels and demons, and their scrupulous adherence to both the written torah and the oral traditions founded on it. Jesus stood in formal agreement with most of the foundational beliefs of Pharisaism, although he emphasized fulfilling the intent rather than simply the letter of the law. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Gospels record more exchanges of Jesus with the Pharisees than with any other school of first-century Judaism. Although fasting ...
... should be remembered that the earliest written testimony to the resurrection occurs in 1 Corinthians 15, written a decade earlier by the apostle Paul. The theme of the secondary ending is the call of the disciples from unbelief (16:11, 13, 14 [2×], 16) to belief (16:16–17). The first call of Jesus comes through Mary Magdalene, the first herald of the saving faith of the gospel (16:9–11). The reference to the exorcism of seven demons comes from Luke 8:2, and Mary’s report to the despondent disciples ...
... (1 Maccabees 4:48). Jesus is the truly consecrated temple of God (cf. John 1:14; 2:21). The final appeal of Jesus, in 10:37–39, again rests on his works and their evidential value. The Jews of the Book of Signs have obtained the signs sufficient for belief. And these will point the way toward the conclusion of the unity of the Father and the Son (10:38; cf. 10:30). But just as the former revelation of this brought hostility (10:30–31), so now Jesus’s opponents attempt to arrest him (10:39). 10:40 ...
... Jesus imploring Jews to believe (12:44–50). It reiterates much of what has gone before. Jesus is light; he reveals God and disperses the darkness (1:9; 8:12). Above all, he has not spoken on his own authority; he is God’s agent in the world. Belief in Christ is belief in God. To see Christ is to see the Father (12:44–45; 14:9). Even the words of Jesus have not been his own but stem from what the Father has directed (12:49–50; 17:6–8). This truth, however, has serious implications inasmuch as there ...
... name of “abundant life” or prosperous living in the world, costly grace implies costly discipleship. Docetic preachers (the full-blown gnostic threat was more of a second-century phenomenon) could be distinguished from suitable traveling ministers, however, by testing their beliefs and asking whether they believed Jesus Christ actually came in the flesh. If so, they could be warmly received; if not, they should be kept away from the community and rejected as perpetuating the spirit of the antichrist (4 ...
... that it is possible to be fanatically devoted to the Christian religion and be totally blind to the will of God as made manifest in Jesus Christ! That is the message for the day. Christ came in the world to save people! Everything else in our religious beliefs is secondary to that one truth. Christ came into the world that we may see the greatness of God’s love--for you, for me, and for every person on this globe. The Pharisees asked, “And we, are we blind, too?” The answer is, yes, absolutely, if ...
... of the coming crisis, show them the wrongness in their lives, and urge them to make needed changes before it was too late. Some people called that agent of warning "the prophet of the last days" and some referred to him as "the Son of Man." The beliefs about that expectation are varied and ambiguous in the Jewish literature of the time. There is something interesting about the idea of the Son of Man. Jesus seems to understand his own mission, at least partially, in terms of doing the work of the Son of Man ...
... people in the church got together and thought it was important to make a list of the most important beliefs of Christianity. They called it “catechism.” They soon discovered that the list was too long and difficult to memorize, so they came up with a “short catechism.” ... This was to be a summary of the key beliefs of our faith. Do you want to know how this shorter catechism begins? “What is the chief end of humankind? To glorify God ...
... say, “God, you take it from here,” real life begins. This doesn’t mean life is perfect, but it does mean God will show up in your life when you need him and will empower you with blessings that give your life joy, purpose and meaning. Mary showed us what belief and faith look like. We talk a big game about having faith and believing in God, but I think we often miss what it really means. You want to know what faith is? Faith means allowing God to work. That’s what Mary did. Take a look at the last ...
... a tax collector by the name of Levi sitting at his tax booth (see note below) with his customary summons: “Follow me” (v. 27). To include a tax collector among his intimate associates would be, in the minds of the Pharisees, beyond belief. Tax collectors were among the most detestable of all the outcasts of proper religious society. By adding the phrase, left everything, Luke emphasizes Levi’s total commitment to Jesus. Indeed, the great banquet that follows underscores further that in Levi’s mind ...
... . You take out what you did not put in and reap what you did not sow: This is the reason given for the servant’s fear. The saying has a proverbial ring to it (see Marshall, p. 707; Fitzmyer, p. 1237). Perhaps the servant’s fear lay in his belief that if he made a profit, his master would take it all (since he takes what is not his) and not give him his commission. It is more likely, however, that the servant feared severe punishment should he make a poor investment and lose his mina. The harshness and ...
... takes precedence over the one who promises, and a consideration of dues replaces a relationship of trust. The argument is not unrelated to what Martin Buber terms “I-Thou” versus “I-It” relationships. There is an implicit admonition in verse 14 against any form of religious belief that values the things God does more than the God who does them. This is tantamount to loving God not for who he is, but for what he does, which is idolatry (1:25). 4:15 The progression of thought leads Paul to a startling ...
... in the world to come. Grace is knowing that God is for us and with us even in our “body of death” (7:24). 8:2 Paul now resumes the thought of 7:6 concerning the “new way of the Spirit.” Paul’s Jewish contemporaries were familiar with the belief that the day of the Messiah would be accompanied by an outpouring of the Spirit. Keying off the theme of law, Paul says, in effect, that a higher law of the Spirit supersedes the law of sin and death. We know of instances in nature where the effects of one ...
... on the strong to prevent them from a full exercise of the Christian liberty that their faith allows them. The strong are enjoined to welcome the weak not for purposes of settling accounts with them or of trying to show them the folly of their beliefs. They are charged to accept them genuinely for what they are—as fellow Christians. An acceptance that is predicated on converting another to one’s own opinion in such matters is coercive. It is an unlovely love rather than Christian love, for agapē “is ...
... that denied the reality of idols. Paul, by contrast, takes pagan gods and lords seriously. At 10:20, when Paul relates such gods and lords to demons, one sees that he considered such gods and lords to be dangerous entities. The extraction of the beliefs that are stated in this verse and their abstraction into principles produced results (seen behind the controversies in Corinth) that Paul labors to critique and correct. In speaking of one God, Paul is not referring to a mere fact that, when known, sets one ...
... ’s analysis at this point is concrete and historical in nature and should not be treated as an observation on all of life and the difficulties that are encountered in daily living. In giving this explanation Paul speaks from the perspective of his belief in Christ’s real presence in the “remembrance” of the Supper. Because the Lord is present in the remembrance of the Supper, his powerful presence produces dramatic effects on the lives of the believers. Thus, according to Paul, those who come to the ...
... no love. Through a series of dramatic images, Paul makes his understanding of the “most excellent way” quite clear. Paul’s twin verdicts in these verses are that without love I am nothing and I gain nothing. According to Paul’s teaching about Christian belief and practice, human lives and achievements are ultimately judged by the presence or absence of love. 13:4–7 A change of style occurs in verses 4–7. The content and style are those of Jewish parenesis, or concrete directions, and the form is ...
... human fragility and transience. Unlike the tree, with its hope of ultimate revitalization, when man dies and is laid low there is no hope of restoration. This is, of course, a very clear indication that Job (and the author of the book) has no clear belief in a future resurrection or even some kind of spiritual afterlife. The whole point of the contrast here is that once humans die, there is no hope of a future return. The verb translated “laid low” (Heb. khlsh) more likely means “be/become weak”—a ...
... Verse 8 levels the same criticism: Do you limit wisdom to yourself? Wisdom was a cooperative, corporate enterprise marked by humility and mutual consensus rather than by brash independence and radical departures of individual thinking. Job’s refusal to accept the long-held beliefs of the sages undermines the very fabric of the wisdom structures (which is what v. 4 refers to, rather than general piety and faith in God). In doing so, Job threatens to shatter the foundational security of the friends and the ...
... transcendent deity, far removed from the human realm, moving about the vaulted heavens blissfully ignorant of human pain and suffering. Such a view runs contrary to that actually espoused by Job on at least one major point. Job’s complaint is grounded in his firm belief that God is well aware of what is happening in the human sphere and quite capable of acting to affect the world. Thus Job’s real question is: What kind of God can know that evil lurks in the world bringing low the righteous without ...
... are now in the final throes of that examination, as Elihu denies Job’s claims of righteousness and hammers him again and again with an inflexible view of a retributive world. 36:11–12 If they obey and serve him. Grounded in his unyielding belief in retributive theology, Elihu can admit only two possibilities for the future. Those who obey and serve—by confessing their sin and repenting of it—will experience blessing: a life of prosperity and contentment awaits them. But if they do not listen, on the ...
... grant of a bountiful harvest helps us to make sense of the intercession for the king (vv. 6–7). Like these verses, Psalm 72 consists of intercessory wishes for the king (i.e., “may he . . .”; see the NIV marginal note). It grants us insight into the common belief of the intimate connection between the king’s reign and the fertility of his land (72:3, 6–7, 16). Both psalms also pray for the king’s long life (72:5, 15, 17). In addition, Psalm 84, which is clearly a psalm of pilgrimage, includes an ...
... ; 88:10–12) and most of the OT, however, is that the dead face a shadowy existence in Sheol and are believed to be cut off from Yahweh. Psalm 73 may be consistent with this majority view, but it may also share with Psalm 49 and Genesis 5 a belief that one’s relationship with God is indissoluble. If verse 24 does point to some kind of resurrection, it is interesting to note how the writer arrived at this conclusion. He did so not by virtue of a supposed immortality of the soul (a notion foreign to the OT ...