Summarizing Oracles (3:1-12): By including both Israel and Judah in the series of oracles against the foreign nations in 1:3–2:16, Amos has shown that the people of God have joined with the rest of the nations in a common rebellion against the lordship of Yahweh, thereby profaning God’s holy name. The prophet will then in 3:13–4:13 spell out the specific indictment against Israel. But before he does so, as Amos’s book is now arranged, he must first include some summarizing statements, in 3:1–12, that lay the foundation for what follows. Verse 3:2 is an independent oracle, with an introduction in 3:1, that states the basic presupposition of the entire Amos corpus. Amos 3:3–8 is the prophet’s justification for his ministry. Verses 9–11 summon foreign nations to act as jury for the court indi…