8:6 The significance of the seven trumpets has been variously appraised (Beasley-Murray, Revelation, pp. 152–56). According to John’s Bible (OT), Israel’s liturgical trumpets were sounded for a variety of reasons. They were used to convene the worshiping community (Num. 10:3), to begin pilgrimages (Num. 10:5), to call warriors for war (Num. 10:9), to celebrate the sacred feasts (Num. 10:10), to install new kings (1 Kings 1:34), and to summon Israel to repentance and renewal (Jer. 4:5). Seven trumpets were also used to destroy Jericho (Josh. 6:4, 6, 8) and to establish Israel in God’s promised land. In fact, Caird thinks John has this story in mind when writing down this vision because the ark appears upon the blowing of the seventh trumpet (Rev. 11:19; cf. Josh. 6:4; Caird, Revelation, pp.…