The first chapter of Numbers counted the people and then turned to the Levites; the second chapter organized the tribes. This third chapter returns to those with clerical tasks, first the priests and then the organization of the Levites. Chapter 3 contains a variety of materials and perspectives but still concentrates on the organization of this community according to Priestly principles.

3:1–4 Numbers has not yet attended to the question of the priesthood; it comes to that issue by way of the family of Aaron, who is here still closely tied to his brother Moses. Aaron’s sons are listed: Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. Aaron was ordained as high priest in Leviticus 8, and his sons were ordained as priests. Only Eleazar and Ithamar served as priests because Nadab and Ab…