Martha had lived alone for several years, except, that is, for her dog, Otto, a three-year-old miniature Shih Tzu. Martha and Otto went everywhere together. Even where dogs were not permitted, Otto was content to wait patiently in the car for Martha to return. One particular sunny afternoon Martha had to make a quick stop at the corner grocery store. As was her custom, Martha rolled down the windows to make sure the inside of the car would be comfortable. Otto curled up on the backseat, and Martha started toward the store. Worrying that her dog might jump out of the car window, Martha stopped every few steps, pointed at her car, and commanded “Otto! You stay!”

A young man carrying a skateboard observed Martha’s actions in silence. Finally he just had to ask, “Ma’am, why don’t you just put…