Big Idea: Jesus explains his role as fulfiller and consummate teacher of the Torah (Old Testament law) and expects his disciples to live in covenantal obedience to his expression of the Torah, culminating in the call to love even one’s enemies.

Understanding the Text

This passage begins the body of the Sermon on the Mount and introduces Matthew’s extensive emphasis on the law. In the title sentence (5:17) Jesus claims to fulfill rather than abolish the Law and the Prophets and then calls his kingdom followers to obey the commands of the Torah. Their righteousness should surpass even that of Jewish leaders. In Matthew 5:21–48 Jesus illustrates how this complete covenant loyalty is to be accomplished. Across his Gospel, Matthew will continue to highlight Jesus as fulfillment of the Torah, …