To supplement the above summary, a list of defeated kings is also provided, including both those defeated under Moses’s leadership east of the Jordan (12:1–6) and those defeated under Joshua’s leadership in the west (12:7–24). The two major kings defeated east of the Jordan were Sihon, king of Heshbon, and Og, king of Bashan. The area over which they ruled extended from the Arnon Gorge in the south at around the midpoint of the Dead Sea (also known as the Sea of Arabah or the Salt Sea) to Mount Hermon in the north, encompassing the entire eastern side of the Jordan Valley. This territory Moses gave to Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh (cf. Num. 32:1–42; Josh. 13:8–13). In the list of thirty-one kings defeated by Joshua west of the Jordan, sixteen from the south-…