A List of Defeated Kings: 12:1 An introduction to the list of kings connects this chapter with reports of conquests in the land. The list names kings from east to west of the Jordan and ends with a total of thirty-one (twenty-nine in LXX) defeated kings ruling west of the Jordan (12:24). The different forms and content of the list indicate that the narrative combines two independent lists in the report. The list of eastern kings includes border descriptions (12:2–6), while the list of defeated kings west of the Jordan mentions kings by city (12:9–24).

12:2–6 Narratives on Sihon and Og outline the borders of the two eastern kingdoms and mention again that Moses (second “servant of the Lord” is omitted in LXX) conquered the area and gave the land to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the halftr…