Aside from the communal sacrifices, Israelites can offer individual sacrifices for various reasons, including to fulfill vows (cf. Lev. 7:16; Num. 6:13–21; 15:3). Vows are binding promises to the Lord that cannot be broken (30:2). This is no problem if the person making the vow is independent, including a widow or divorced woman (30:9). However, there could be a problem if an unmarried daughter or a wife makes a vow. Ownership of family property, including livestock that could be sacrificed, was under the jurisdiction of men in Israelite society. If a daughter or wife binds herself by a vow to make a sacrifice, and if her father or husband forbids her to spend an animal for this pu…