4:1–4 · Jonah’s unjustified anger toward God’s sparing of Nineveh: Jonah demonstrates his arrogance and his lack of understanding as he reacts with unjustified anger after the Lord revokes his judgment toward Assyria. The Hebrew term for “evil” in Jonah 3:8, 10 recurs in 4:1, supporting the connection between God’s earlier act and Jonah’s presumptuous reaction to what he perceives as a great injustice or “evil” (NIV “to Jonah this seemed very wrong”). Ironically, God’s compassion lessens his divine wrath in 3:9–10, while the anger of Jonah, a mere mortal, is further inflamed. Jonah affirms his knowledge of God’s gracious and compassionate character, employing the formula in Exodus 34:6–7 describing divine attributes. The formula was first uttered in its fullest form to Moses; partial form…