Big Idea: In Jesus the new age has come, and this new reality cannot be immersed into the old ways. Jesus the Son of Man has authority over the Torah and is Lord over the Sabbath.

Understanding the Text

The opposition to Jesus intensifies with each of the episodes in this section. The central story among the five in 2:1–3:6 tells why the conflict is occurring (2:18–22): in Jesus a new era has arrived, one in which he must challenge the old traditions. Those who cling to the old (symbolized by the issue of fasting) have been superseded, and this new kingdom reality cannot be subsumed under the old ways. This then leads to the final two episodes, which are controversies over Sabbath observance (the first two, 2:1–12, 13–17, center on forgiveness of sins and acceptance into the new communit…