The final chapter of Hebrews begins with a very Pauline-type list of exhortations, admonishing readers to exhibit both actions and attitudes that will identify them as disciples. Although none of these mandates are absolutely unique to the Christian faith, as similar exhortations are found in both Hellenistic and Jewish first-century writings, the impetus for displaying these virtues rests firmly on a single foundation — Jesus Christ, who is “the same yesterday and today and forever” (v.8).

First on this author’s list is a call for the continuation of “mutual” or “brotherly” love. “Philadelphia” describes the kind of “brotherly love” that is exhibited towards one’s blood relations, the love that binds kinfolk together. This Hebrews’ author had already mentioned such “Philadelphia” being e…