The discussion of the guilt of humanity in 1:18ff. presupposes the Gentile world, that is, humanity without special revelation from God. The prominence given to homosexuality in 1:26–27 and the list of vices in 1:29–31 typify Jewish prejudice against “Gentile sinners,” as Paul once referred to them (Gal. 2:15). We noted how clearly 1:18–32 echoes the Jewish indictment of Gentiles from the Wisdom of Solomon (chs. 11–15). Gentiles could have known God from creation. “They live among his works,” says Wisdom of Solomon 13:7, yet they “did not recognize the craftsman while paying heed to his works” (13:1). Therefore, they “are [not] to be excused,” for “they had the power to know so much,” yet “[failed] to find sooner the Lord of these things” (13:8–9). For these reasons they became “hateful to…