As with Titus, but unlike 1 Timothy (see disc. on 1 Tim. 6:21), Paul concludes this letter with personal greetings, both for friends in Ephesus and to Timothy from some Roman believers. Such greetings are typical both of the Hellenistic letter and of the Apostle Paul (cf. 1 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, Colossians, Philippians, Philemon). Although no one of these is formally like the others, all the elements of this one are found in some form elsewhere.

There are five parts to this closing: greetings for certain people (cf. Rom. 16:3–15; Col. 4:15); personal news of friends (cf. Col. 4:13); a final request (cf. Rom. 16:17–19; 2 Cor. 13:11; Col. 4:16); greetings from specific persons (cf. Rom. 16:21–23; 1 Cor. 16:19; Col. 4:10–14); and a final benediction (cf. all the letters…