Big Idea: Paul juxtaposes two types of Israel: national Israel (11:7–10) versus spiritual Israel (11:1–6). The former remains in exile and under the covenant curses, but the latter as the remnant is enjoying the long-awaited restoration of Israel as well as the covenant blessings.

Understanding the Text

Romans 11 moves from Paul’s day to a day in the future when national Israel will convert to Jesus the Messiah. At that time, national Israel will, for the first time, become spiritual Israel. Paul therefore provides three reasons why God is not finished with ethnic Israel. First, Israel’s rejection of Christ is only partial (11:1–10). Not all of Israel has rejected Christ. There is a remnant of Israel that has accepted Christ. Second, Israel’s rejection of Jesus the Messiah actually serve…