The teaching now moves to discussing what the fifth commandment means, for more is intended than simply honor and respect to one’s parents—it involves respect for all whom God has placed in authority over his people.

First, “judges and officials” (16:18–20) are to rule “fairly,” without “pervert[ing] justice,” “show[ing] partiality,” or “accept[ing] a bribe.” Failure to exercise absolute fairness will result in their failure to live and possess the land (16:20) that God is giving to them.

Israel’s source of authority must not be replaced by an idol such as an Asherah pole or a sacred stone (16:21–22), nor should any defective sacrifice be accepted in legal matters; the same rule that is in force for worship is in force here too (17:1).

Three rules of evidence are given in 17:2–7. Justi…