Gog of Magog: Both Gog and his kingdom, Magog, are a mystery. Apart from Ezekiel 38–39, the name “Gog” appears in the Old Testament only in 1 Chronicles 5:4, where Gog is a descendant of Reuben—clearly not the foreign ruler Ezekiel describes. Magog appears in Genesis 10:2//1 Chronicles 1:5 as second in the list of nations descended from Japheth, youngest son of Noah, whose descendants populate the lands north of Israel. These texts group Magog with other nations in Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), including several Ezekiel 38 mentions as well: Gomer (likely Cimmeria, 38:6), Togarmah (a descendant of Gomer in Gen. 10:3; called Beth-Togarmah in Ezek. 38:6), Meshech, and Tubal (38:2–3 and 39:1 identify Gog of Magog as “chief prince of Meshech and Tubal,” see also 27:13; 32:26–27). Perhaps, th…