... think I will choose the Christian apocalypse, the one which has redemption in it. The late great historian Arnold Toynbee made this same choice. In his monumental work, A Study of History, Professor Toynbee describes the barbarian overthrow of the Byzantine Empire. In A.D. 711 Emperor Justinian II was preparing to flee for his life. But the empress said to her husband: "You may flee if you like; the ship is in the harbor, and the wind is in the sail; but as for me I prefer to remain and die with the empire ...