... a play on words between planētai, wanderers off course, and planē, error (v. 11). Theophilus of Antioch (late second century) uses similar language. The righteous are law-abiding, like fixed stars. But planets “are types of men who separate themselves from God, abandoning his law and its commands” (To Autolycus 2.15.47–49). Doom Prophesied by Enoch 14–15 Jude supports his words by citing a prophecy. This is taken, not from the canonical OT, as is usual with NT writers, but from a popular writing ...
... on the reassuring note that “the Lord knows how to rescue godly men” (v. 9). This is a point absent from the parallel passage in Jude 5–7, but a theme which recurs in the present letter (1:4, 11, 19; 3:9, 11–14). 2:4 The angels that sinned ... worn down by being exposed day in, day out, to the vile manner of life of those who scorned the moral code and the law of God. Lot was repeatedly tormented in his righteous soul. The verb is active, not passive, and implies that Lot put himself on the rack ...
... it is unspiritual, or “soulish.” The term is used in the New Testament for the person who does not have God’s Spirit (Jude 19) or who “does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of God” (1 Cor. 2:14). This “wisdom,” then, is ... 4; 2 Tim. 2:25; Titus 3:2; 1 Pet. 3:15). Thus James as a Christian opposes his self-assertive culture. See further S. S. Laws, James, pp. 160–61. 3:14 There are many places where the Greek word zēlos (envy, zeal) is translated positively (John 2:17; Rom. 10: ...
... it is unspiritual, or “soulish.” The term is used in the New Testament for the person who does not have God’s Spirit (Jude 19) or who “does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of God” (1 Cor. 2:14). This “wisdom,” then, is ... 4; 2 Tim. 2:25; Titus 3:2; 1 Pet. 3:15). Thus James as a Christian opposes his self-assertive culture. See further S. S. Laws, James, pp. 160–61. 3:14 There are many places where the Greek word zēlos (envy, zeal) is translated positively (John 2:17; Rom. 10: ...
James 4:13-17, James 5:1-6, James 5:7-12, James 5:13-20
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... Fire, as a metaphor for hell, comes from the teaching of Jesus (e.g., Matt. 25:41) and later apocalyptic works (2 Pet. 3:7; Jude 23; Rev. 11:5; 20:9). See H. Bietenhard, “Fire,” NIDNTT, vol. 1, pp. 652–58; and “Hell,” NIDNTT, vol. 2, pp. 205– ... . This idea is foundational to the tension in James, for whom the judge is “at the door” (5:8–9). See further S. S. Laws, James, pp. 198–99; O. Cullmann, Christ and Time; or G. E. Ladd, The Presence of the Future (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1974 ...
James 5:1-6, James 4:13-17, James 5:7-12, James 5:13-20
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... Fire, as a metaphor for hell, comes from the teaching of Jesus (e.g., Matt. 25:41) and later apocalyptic works (2 Pet. 3:7; Jude 23; Rev. 11:5; 20:9). See H. Bietenhard, “Fire,” NIDNTT, vol. 1, pp. 652–58; and “Hell,” NIDNTT, vol. 2, pp. 205– ... . This idea is foundational to the tension in James, for whom the judge is “at the door” (5:8–9). See further S. S. Laws, James, pp. 198–99; O. Cullmann, Christ and Time; or G. E. Ladd, The Presence of the Future (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1974 ...
James 5:7-12, James 4:13-17, James 5:1-6, James 5:13-20
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... Fire, as a metaphor for hell, comes from the teaching of Jesus (e.g., Matt. 25:41) and later apocalyptic works (2 Pet. 3:7; Jude 23; Rev. 11:5; 20:9). See H. Bietenhard, “Fire,” NIDNTT, vol. 1, pp. 652–58; and “Hell,” NIDNTT, vol. 2, pp. 205– ... . This idea is foundational to the tension in James, for whom the judge is “at the door” (5:8–9). See further S. S. Laws, James, pp. 198–99; O. Cullmann, Christ and Time; or G. E. Ladd, The Presence of the Future (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1974 ...
James 5:13-20, James 4:13-17, James 5:1-6, James 5:7-12
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... Fire, as a metaphor for hell, comes from the teaching of Jesus (e.g., Matt. 25:41) and later apocalyptic works (2 Pet. 3:7; Jude 23; Rev. 11:5; 20:9). See H. Bietenhard, “Fire,” NIDNTT, vol. 1, pp. 652–58; and “Hell,” NIDNTT, vol. 2, pp. 205– ... . This idea is foundational to the tension in James, for whom the judge is “at the door” (5:8–9). See further S. S. Laws, James, pp. 198–99; O. Cullmann, Christ and Time; or G. E. Ladd, The Presence of the Future (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1974 ...
... (epithymias): as in 1 Pet. 1:14; 2:11; 4:2, 3; 2 Pet. 1:4; 2:10, 18; also in the parallel passages, Jude 16, 18. The Greek term sometimes translates the Hebrew yēṣer hā-rā’, “the evil inclination.” 3:4 “Where …?” The scoffers pour ... and so help to speed its coming. Peter is not propounding a novel doctrine. The rabbis declared that “if Israel kept the law perfectly for one day, Messiah would come.” The more profound point behind Peter’s words is that the material world is transient ...
... your employer [God] who will pay you the reward of your labor’ ” (m. Aboth 2.14). Eleazar’s enthusiasm for studying the Mosaic law may have been prompted by an experience he had. After the death of the great spiritual teacher Rabbi Johanan ben Zakkai (late 1st cent ... 1; 2 Baruch 56:12) and was placed just before the Flood (1 Enoch 10:2). The tradition is clearly alluded to in 2 Pet. 2:4; Jude 6. The place of the dead (Sheol/Hades) is referred to in Matt. 11:23; 16:18; Luke 16:23; Acts 2:27; Rev. 1:18; 6 ...
... great deal. We only read about Enoch three times in the Bible: once in Genesis, once in Hebrews, and here in the book of Jude. In Genesis we are told that Enoch had a personal walk with God. Genesis 5:22 simply says, “Enoch walked with God.” The book ... States Capitol, make sure you go to the dome. Inscribed on the inside of that dome are these words: “One God, One Law, One Element, and One Divine Far-Off Event Toward Which All Creation Moves.” Our founding fathers were convinced Jesus is coming again ...
... letter. 3–4 · Opening: Reason for writing: After the salutation comes the reason for writing. While about to write in another vein, Jude has received information that means he must instead exhort the community he addresses to “contend for the faith,” which will be ... the good angels (“celestial beings” or “the glorious ones”), perhaps those who were thought to have brought the law (and thereby ethical rules) to Moses (vv. 8–10). Unlike the archangel Michael, who in the Testament of Moses ...
... letter. 3–4 · Opening: Reason for writing: After the salutation comes the reason for writing. While about to write in another vein, Jude has received information that means he must instead exhort the community he addresses to “contend for the faith,” which will be ... the good angels (“celestial beings” or “the glorious ones”), perhaps those who were thought to have brought the law (and thereby ethical rules) to Moses (vv. 8–10). Unlike the archangel Michael, who in the Testament of Moses ...
... expected to recognize the name. Yet for all his prominence and important position in the church (so important that the letter from Jude begins, “Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and a brother of James”), the title used is very modest. He is simply a servant. ... of ideas is a favorite method by which James joins them into a unity. The idea of wisdom in James is not simply insight or God’s law (as in Sirach 4:17; Wisdom 7:15; 8:21) but a gift of the coming new age that can now be found in those who belong ...
... expected to recognize the name. Yet for all his prominence and important position in the church (so important that the letter from Jude begins, “Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and a brother of James”), the title used is very modest. He is simply a servant. ... of ideas is a favorite method by which James joins them into a unity. The idea of wisdom in James is not simply insight or God’s law (as in Sirach 4:17; Wisdom 7:15; 8:21) but a gift of the coming new age that can now be found in those who belong ...
... one Lawgiver and Judge. Jesus taught that God alone had authority to judge (John 5:22–23, 30), and every Jew knew that God gave the law. James adds, the one who is able to save and destroy, that is, “No one from the east or the west or from the desert can ... this quotation. That leaves one with a lost book as the probable source, which would be no more unusual than Jude’s quoting 1 Enoch (Jude 14 = 1 Enoch 1:9). The Greek of the quotation is ambiguous. The two most probable translations are The spirit ...
... :22, 24; 12:42), Paul (2 Thess. 1:5), and other NT writers (Heb. 9:27; 10:27; 2 Pet. 2:9; 3:7; 1 John 4:17; Jude 15; Rev. 14:7). Jesus himself will be the judge (John 5:22). The only way to avoid condemnation is by having eternal life in the Messiah (John ... (John 17:25; Rom. 3:5; 9:14; Heb. 6:10; cf. Matt. 6:33). His judgments are righteous (Rom. 2:5), and his commands and laws are righteous (Rom. 7:12; 8:4). God is a righteous judge (2 Tim. 4:8). His saving activity is righteous; he does not compromise his ...
... and in truth. Others think just the opposite. No Messiah comes from Galilee, they sneer. No Messiah acts like he does. He breaks Sabbath laws constantly. He opposes the authorities unashamedly. He has revolutionary ideas. He’s a heretic. He’s a false prophet. So who really is the ... the Hellenization of the Jews Before the Revolts (1 Maccabees 1) The Messianic Throne (Hebrews 1) Jude Warns of False Shepherds (The Book of Jude) Peter Warns of False Teachers Who Reject Jesus (2 Peter 2) The Lord is the Temple ...
... of Christians. At one point two of Jesus’ grandnephews, the grandsons of his brother Jude, were brought before the Emperor Domitian. The church historian Eusebius recorded that Domitian feared the descendants of King David, because they ... 1918-2013). He was born in South Africa into the brutally unjust system of apartheid, in which people of different races were segregated by law, with blacks occupying the lowest rung in their society. He was imprisoned for 27 years, eighteen of those years in the infamous prison on ...
... the cross by the words of Jesus who said: 'I will give you the keys of the Kingdom.' He did." Jude Thaddeus "I am Jude Thaddeus. I am often referred to as both Jude and Thaddeus. I was the first missionary. My travels took me to Syria, Persia, and Russia. My commission to spread ... welcomed me. He tried to remove doubts that these disciples still had about me by telling of my adherence to Mosaic Laws in all my preaching and works. The others were moved by the Holy Spirit and accepted me. I was commissioned by ...
... the writer adds the humbler description servant (doulos), bondslave, as do Paul (Rom. 1:1; Gal. 1:10; Titus 1:1), James (1:1), and Jude (1), i.e., one who has been bound to serve his Master. The readers are described as those who have received a faith as precious ... evident that Peter is writing to combat antinomians, those who claim that divine grace frees them from the obligations of the moral law. Such an attitude betrays a willful intention to go on sinning. But the gift of the divine nature is offered by ...
... ignorant of him but have rejected him (Rom. 1:18–32; 1 Thess. 4:5). And as the knowledge of God results in obedience to his law (Ps. 36:10), so the ignorance of God is linked to disobedience to the call of the gospel (Rom. 2:8; 1 Pet. 4:17). Conversion ... come forth from God’s presence as well as from “the glory of his might.” The glory is his visible presence (Rom. 1:23; Jude 24), which is at times associated with God’s power or might (Rom. 6:4; Col. 1:11). The discussion about judgment aims to ...
... often referred to as (my) “Savior” (Deut. 32:15; Pss. 24:5; 25:5; 27:9; 42:5, et al.; cf. Luke 1:47 and Jude 25). Here the emphasis is on God as the source of salvation, which in turn leads Paul to refer to Christ Jesus as our ... Pauline fashion it is a digression that bears significantly upon the point at hand. In response to the false teachers’ improper use of the “Law,” Paul sets forth its real intent, which, as expressed here, is that it is for the ungodly. Interestingly, he fails to go on to ...
... covenant people of God. As Reuben Welch observed, “And to this great new deliverance through the death of Messiah both the law and prophets bear witness.” Third, the character of Jesus represents salvation. The talk on the mountain revolved around his death, but ... 1:30, Hebrews1. 9:12) Forgiveness (Ephesians 1:7, Colossians 1:14) Justification (Romans 4:25; 5:16) Glory or Glorified (Jude 25, Romans 8:30) Inheritance (Colossians 1:12, 1 Peter 1:4) Peace (Ephesians2:15-17, Colossians 1:20) Cyprian was ...
... Christian ethics. “Carry each other’s burdens,” says Paul in another letter, “and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ” (Gal. 6:2)—the law not only laid down by Christ but exemplified by Christ. Especially, as he says at greater length in Romans 15 ... angels: “the angels who did not keep their positions of authority” are “bound with everlasting chains for judgment” (Jude 6). It may be relevant to recall how the legion expelled from the Gadarene demoniac “begged him [Jesus] ...