Sermon and Worship Resources

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2 Corinthians 1:12--2:4, 2 Corinthians 2:5-11

Understanding Series

James M. Scott

... congregation was “holy.” This was obviously a power struggle. The very fact that Num. 16 speaks of two rebel groups—one led by Korah and another led by Dathan and Abiram—that presented a united front against Moses and Aaron may have further facilitated Paul’s appropriation of the tradition, for also in Corinth there are at least two groups of opponents—the outsiders (cf. Sir. 45:18), who infiltrated Corinth possibly from Jerusalem, and the insiders, who sided with the offender mentioned in 2 ...

2. Boasting

2 Corinthians 11:1-15, 2 Corinthians 11:16-33, 2 Corinthians 12:1-10

Understanding Series

James M. Scott

... typology that he develops in this letter, for Korah and his followers aspired to honor and authority equal with Moses, and, according to Jewish tradition, Korah and his followers were “false,” whereas Moses and Aaron were “true” (cf. b. Sanh. 110b; b. B. Bat. 74a; Num. Rab. 18:20). Second, Paul goes on to describe the opponents as deceitful workmen. He uses a similar expression in Philippians 3:2 (“evil workers”) to refer to his Jewish-Christian opponents, whom he characterizes as “those who ...

3. Boasting

2 Corinthians 11:16-33, 2 Corinthians 1:1-11, 2 Corinthians 12:1-10

Understanding Series

James M. Scott

4. Visit

2 Corinthians 13:1-10, 2 Corinthians 13:11-14

Understanding Series

James M. Scott

... ed., Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994). 12:16–18 We may note that, according to Josephus, Moses was quite concerned to vindicate himself during Korah’s rebellion of the charge of extortion in connection with Aaron’s appointment to the priesthood (Ant. 4.46; cf. Num. 16:15). Whereas in v. 16 it seems that Paul was charged with being crafty(panourgos) in financial matters, in 4:2 the apostle denies that he uses “deception” (panourgia) with respect to his ministry of the gospel. In 11:3, the noun is ...

5. Paul's Concern for the Corinthians

2 Corinthians 12:11-21

Understanding Series

James M. Scott

... . ed., Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994). 12:16–18 We may note that, according to Josephus, Moses was quite concerned to vindicate himself during Korah’s rebellion of the charge of extortion in connection with Aaron’s appointment to the priesthood (Ant. 4.46; cf. Num. 16:15). Whereas in v. 16 it seems that Paul was charged with being crafty (panourgos) in financial matters, in 4:2 the apostle denies that he uses “deception” (panourgia) with respect to his ministry of the gospel. In 11:3, the noun ...

6. Moses’s and Aaron’s Sin at Meribah

Numbers 20:1-13

Teach the Text

Joe M. Sprinkle

... Num. 13:21, 26). Miriam. Concerning her rebellion, see Numbers 12:1–16. She is a prophet (Exod. 15:20) and, with her brothers Moses and Aaron, a leader of Israel (Mic. 6:4). 20:2 there was no water. Lack of drinking water (cf. v. 5) is the immediate threat to the ... leaders can, of course, also sin. The apostle Paul worries that he might become disqualified from receiving his full prize by some bad behavior (1 Cor. 9:27). Cephas (Peter) is rebuked by Paul for shunning gentile Christians and not treating ...

7. Body / Ambassador

2 Corinthians 5:11--6:2

Understanding Series

James M. Scott

... : Mohr Siebeck, 1993), pp. 108–94 (here esp. p. 142). If the second participial clause in v. 19 (“… and placed in us the word of reconciliation”) alludes to Ps. 104:27 ?LXX (“[God] placed in them [sc. Moses and Aaron] the words of his signs”), then Paul is making another comparison between himself and Moses in context (cf. 2 Cor. 5:18). 5:20 Cf. Hugh J. Mason, Greek Terms for Roman Institutions: A Lexicon and Analysis (American Studies in Papyrology 13; Toronto: Hakkert, 1974). Ambassadors were ...

8. Priesthood Confirmed and Its Mediation Duties Specified

Num 17:1–8:7

Teach the Text

Joe M. Sprinkle

... that their staff (tribe) has not been chosen by God to serve the tabernacle as priests. 17:10 as a sign to the rebellious. Aaron’s rod in the tabernacle, like the censers of the 250 used to overlay the altar (Num. 16:38), symbolizes that only Aaronites of ... God’s gift to the church: “When he ascended on high, he took many captives and gave gifts to his people.” Paul uses this paraphrased quotation of Psalm 68:17–18 to emphasize God’s gift of apostles, prophets, evangelists, and pastor-teachers ...

9. The God of All Comfort

2 Corinthians 1:1-11

Understanding Series

James M. Scott

... so-called apostolic (or literary) plural to refer to himself alone, especially in 2 Corinthians (see, e.g., 1:3–4; 5:18–21). In that case, Paul may be emphasizing a special sense of brotherhood that exists between Timothy and himself. Insofar as Paul sees himself as a Moses figure who is embroiled in a Korah-like rebellion in Corinth (see on 1:24; 2:6–7, 15, etc.), Paul may view Timothy as an Aaron figure (cf. 1:19; see also 1 Cor. 4:17; 16:10–11; Phil. 1:1; 2:19–24; Col. 1:1; 1 Thess. 1:1; 3 ...

10. Proper 21

Matthew 21:23-27, Matthew 21:28-32, Exodus 17:1-7, Ezekiel 18:1-32, Philippians 2:1-11

Sermon Aid

Russell F. Anderson

... cause us to see things in a new light. Lesson 2: Philippians 2:1-13 Sermon Title: Being Of One Mind. Sermon Angle: In verse two, Paul urges unity upon the Philippian church by encouraging them to be of "the same mind" and "of one mind." His wish for them was that each ... In John Steinbeck's epic novel, East Of Eden, Adam Trask is left to raise his two sons by himself. The one son, Aaron, was always obedient and pure. The other brother, Cal, was something of a wild hair. Yet, more than anything, he craved his ...

11. Proper 23

Exodus 32:1-33:6, Isaiah 25:1-12, Matthew 22:1-14, Philippians 4:1-9

Sermon Aid

Russell F. Anderson

... from the people for a long time. The people suspect that something perverse has happened to their leader and so they petition Aaron to make gods for them. Taking their jewelry, he fashions a gold calf and proclaims it the object of their worship. Seeing ... heightened by Christ's return, expected to be very soon (v. 5). Instead of worry, the believers are commended to prayer. Also, Paul urges them to focus on that which is lovely, honorable and true (v. 8). The apostle rejoices that the Philippians have sent ...

12. Melchizedek the Priest

Hebrews 7:1-10, Hebrews 7:11-28

Understanding Series

Donald A. Hagner

... to the task, what need, the author asks, is there to speak of another priest to arise, one of the order of Melchizedek, and not Aaron? That is, if the levitical system were self-sufficient, why then does Psalm 110:4 speak of the one at the right hand of ... . 209–23. 7:4–6 How great translates pēlikos (the same word occurs only once again in the NT, in Gal. 6:11, where Paul uses it to describe his handwriting). The language of v. 4 is drawn from the LXX of Gen. 14:20. Josephus describes the tithe offered ...

13. The Legitimacy and Superiority of Christ’s Priesthood

Hebrews 7:11-28, Hebrews 7:1-10

Understanding Series

Donald A. Hagner

14. A Failure of Leadership

Num 20:14-29

Teach the Text

Joe M. Sprinkle

... ’s role over to Aaron’s son Eleazar (Num. 20:22–29). Moses’s role is assumed at God’s direction by Joshua (Num. 27:12–22; Josh. 1:1–5). Happily, God provides new leadership for his people in each successive generation: an Elisha for Elijah (2 Kings 2:13–14), a Timothy for Paul, and the like. Otherwise, God’s work would die out. Teaching the Text 1. Leaders of God’s people can make plans that fail to work out. Even when leaders of God’s people do not sin, they can still fail. An example ...

15. Korah’s Rebellion

Numbers 16:1-50

Teach the Text

Joe M. Sprinkle

... , Korah ends up harming Israel and undermining the purpose of the priesthood. This is also true in the church. Paul compares the church to the body in which different members have different functions. Each member, though different in function ... the people’s unbelief, not Moses’s, that has kept Israel from entering the promised land (Num. 13–14). It is God, not Moses or Aaron, who has selected the priesthood (Exod. 28:1). One of the ways the Bible describes sin is as rebellion against God. All of us are ...

16. A Misguided Game of Hide-and-Seek

Exodus 32:1-33:6

Sermon

Robert S. Crilley

... moment to consider why they might have done it. And the best place to start may be with the reason they, themselves, offer to Aaron. According to the scriptural account, the crowd cries out for a god, because they do not know what has become of Moses, or ... and lean on like a prop. However, that's not the way the promises of God work. They possess us, not the other way around. Or as Paul Scherer once expressed it: Never is life so insecure as when we try to take hold of it; never is it safer than when we lay ...

17. Prologue to the Law of the Temple: The Lord Comes Home

Ezekiel 40:1--43:12

Understanding Series

Steven Tuell

... descendants of Aaron, through Aaron’s son Ithamar. Not all Aaronids were Zadokites. We will draw out the significance of this distinction further in our discussion of 44:1–14, below. 41:4 Inner sanctuary. This design, often called the “long-room temple,” was typical of temples throughout Palestine, going back to second-millennium B.C. Syria (V. Fritz, “Temple Architecture: What Can Archaeology Tell Us about Solomon’s Temple?” BAR 13 [1987], pp. 38–49). 41:22 Wooden altar. Paul Joyce proposes ...

18. Lessons from Rephidim - Being the Lord's Intercessor

Exodus 17:8-16

Sermon

Maxie Dunnam

... that brings us to the other big truth from Rephidim: Being interdependent with the Lord’s people. Isn’t it a marvelous picture? Aaron and Hur bringing a stone for Moses to sit upon as he grew weary standing there with his lifted rod interceding for the people ... do that when we pray. But we do it in other ways also, because we are interconnected. There is no solitary Christian. And so Paul is right when he calls us to “bear one another’s burdens and so fulfill the law of Christ.” Maybe I have time ...

19. Proper 17

Exodus 3:1-22, Matthew 16:21-28, Romans 12:9-21, Psalm 105:1-45

Sermon Aid

Marion L. Soards, Thomas B. Dozeman, Kendall McCabe

... was also the psalm for Proper Fourteen. The replacement section recounts Israel's oppression in Egypt and the calling of Moses and Aaron to save them. Exodus 3:1-15 - "Deciphering God's Call" Setting. Exodus 3:1-15 is best characterized as a call narrative ... in considering the structure of the preceding verses, Romans 12:1-8, we saw how Paul's essential thought in 12:1-2 is reiterated and amplified in vv. 3-8. We also noticed how Paul's directive in 12:2, "Do not be conformed to this world [literally "this ...

20. Proper 19

Luke 15:8-10, Luke 15:1-7, Psalm 51:1-19, Exodus 32:1-33:6, Hosea 4:1-19, Hosea 6:1--7:16, 1 Timothy 1:12-20

Sermon Aid

George Bass

... long a time, and the people of Israel fearing that he would not be back, persuaded Aaron to fashion the "molten calf." Aaron was a willing participant in the disobedience of the people, whom God had commanded not to make or worship ... in the sacrifice of Christ on the cross. Because he had experienced the "perfect patience" of Jesus Christ and had come to love him as Lord, Paul was ready and able to give the "immortal, invisible, the only God, honor and glory forever and ever." Luke 15:1-10 (E, L, C - RC, ...

21. Signs and Oracles of Judgment

Ezekiel 4:1-5:17, Ezekiel 6:1-14, Ezekiel 7:1-27

Understanding Series

Steven Tuell

... an encounter with the Lord. Just as Isaiah’s vision of the Lord’s Glory reveals to him his sinfulness (Isa. 6:5), and Paul’s vision of the risen Christ reveals to him his tragically misplaced zeal (Acts 9:5), so in Ezekiel knowledge of God leads the ... to make their detestable idols and vile images (v. 20). Again, this is a clear allusion to Exodus 32 where, one recalls, it was Aaron the priest who melted the jewelry of the people and cast an image of a golden calf (Exod. 32:2–4). But Ezekiel declares ...

22. Paul's Vision and His Thorn

2 Corinthians 12:1-10

Understanding Series

James M. Scott

... holy nation,” the people had received a direct divine revelation at Sinai, without mediators (Exod. 19:1–20:21). If Korah and his followers can claim that Moses and Aaron are superfluous as mediators, how much more can Paul’s opponents claim in the new covenant situation that there is no need for mediators (cf. Jer. 31:34)? 12:1 When Paul speaks here of visions and revelations in the plural, we are reminded that in merkabah mysticism the ascent to heaven was made during the lifetime of the mystic (i ...

23. Forgiveness for the Sinner

2 Corinthians 2:5-11

Understanding Series

James M. Scott

... the Corinthians appeal to Paul on behalf of the man? These questions are not directly answered in the text, but we find clues to their answer from the traditional background and from the subsequent context. As far as the traditional background is concerned, an interesting parallel to the idea that the offender’s punishment was sufficient (hikanos) is found in Wisdom 18:20–25, which describes the plague that struck Israel in the desert when they rebelled against Moses and Aaron after Korah’s rebellion ...

24. Closing

2 Corinthians 13:11-14

Understanding Series

James M. Scott

... Aaron (Num. 16–17) as an example to warn the “leaders of rebellion and dissension” (arch?goi stase?s kai dichostasias) that schism due to jealousy has dire consequences (1 Clem. 51:1–4; cf. also 4:12). This shows that the Corinthian rebellion that Clement faced in the mid 90s was similar to the one Paul ... pervades the whole argument of 2 Cor. 2:14–4:6 (cf., e.g., 3:3). In our passage, Paul does not address the question of the ontological nature of the three persons of the Trinity; rather, he ...

25. Portions for the Priests and the Levites

Numbers 18:8-32

Teach the Text

Joe M. Sprinkle

... is regarded as most holy, meaning that it can be eaten only by a male in the priestly household: the high priest (Aaron) or his sons. 18:10 Eat it as something most holy. This translation (similarly, NASB, NRSV, NLT, NJPS) probably is better rendered, “ ... and the honor of a financial honorarium (1 Tim. 5:17–18). Sometimes this is not possible, so ministers may, like Paul, have to resort to “tentmaking” (Acts 18:3) to support themselves while still engaged in ministry. But when freed from the ...

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