... with the duties of the Feast, such as the required gift to the poor (v. 5), and have demonstrated a preoccupation with their own coming rewards (e.g., 9:28; 10:35–45), the woman concerns herself solely with giving honor to Jesus. It is this undivided devotion to Jesus that the readers are to emulate. 14:10–11 This account of Judas’ agreement with the authorities to betray Jesus is remarkably restrained, in view of the parallels that mention such features as the betrayal price ( ...
... the startling news that the dead Jesus is alive. Mark intensifies the narrative suspense with his description of the women discussing among themselves the problem of how to remove the heavy stone so that they can minister to their dead master (vv. 3–4). Their concern about the stone is addressed (v. 4), for they find the stone removed, not to allow access to a dead Jesus, but to demonstrate the reality of his resurrection! Mark’s description of the figure they meet at the tomb prolongs the suspense to ...
... saw the Spirit descend; and in Luke 3:21 the Baptist is dropped from the scene altogether; we are not told that he baptized Jesus. Indeed, according to v. 20 John has already been imprisoned, and therefore probably did not baptize Jesus. This same concern over the implications of Jesus’ baptism shows up in later Christian gospels. For example, in the Gospel according to the Hebrews, when invited by his family to join them in John’s baptism, Jesus asks: “What have I committed that I should be baptized ...
... and being “full of the Holy Spirit,” however, Jesus thwarts the tempter. (Talbert [pp. 44–46] observes that Jesus defeated Satan through correct use of Scripture.) Having emerged from this ordeal victorious, Jesus is now ready to announce the Gospel. Additional Notes Concerning the order of the three temptations, Talbert (p. 47) notes that “Psalm 106 gives the temptation of Israel in the same order as in Luke’s narrative (food, false worship, putting the Lord to the test), an order also found in 1 ...
... Of all the passages in this Gospel this one is of critical importance and must be understood well if we are to appreciate the evangelist’s theological perspective and major purpose for writing. On the Sabbath day he went into the synagogue recalls Jesus’ habitual concern with the things of God, from his childhood (see 2:49) to the beginning of his ministry (4:15). As was his custom, out of deference to the sacred Scriptures, Jesus stood up to read and the synagogue attendant handed him the scroll of the ...
... vv. 43b–45); (2) the question of who is the greatest among the disciples (vv. 46–48); and (3) the question of how other disciples relate to the disciples of Jesus (vv. 49–50). 9:43b–45 Because he omits Mark 9:28–29 (the discussion concerning why the disciples could not exorcise the demon) and greatly modifies Mark 9:30, Luke is able to move immediately from the amazed crowd that had witnessed the miracle of the healing of the epileptic boy (v. 43a) to Jesus’ second passion prediction (v. 44), a ...
... the “Sermon on the Plain,” 6:20–49), but chose to place it in the Central Section (or Travel Narrative) in order to illustrate the need for faith and persistence in prayer. The first part of the prayer is concerned with God’s name being kept sacred (or hallowed, a traditional Jewish concern of first importance) and with the inauguration of his kingdom. (Matthew adds: “Your will be done on earth as it is in heaven”; see Gundry, p. 106.) The second part of the prayer is the petition that God give ...
... note on v. 20 below.) Additional Notes Evans (p. 49) suggests that the injunctions regarding the treatment of the poor and the needy found in Deut. 24:6–7, 10–15 parallel Luke’s Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus. The rich man’s lack of concern for his poor neighbor would surely violate the spirit of the laws of Deuteronomy. 16:19 In most of the oldest manuscripts there is no name given to the rich man. However, in the very oldest manuscript (P75) the phrase, “by the name of Neues,” is found ...
... the view to trap him into saying something for which he could be arrested. In the present chapter we shall see Jesus still teaching in the temple (from v. 1 to v. 38), only this time the teaching is about the temple itself. Most of the teaching concerns the coming destruction of the temple and the appearance of the Son of Man. The chapter may be divided as follows: (1) the Widow’s Offering (vv. 1–4); (2) the Prediction of the Temple’s Destruction (vv. 5–7); (3) Troubles and Persecutions (vv. 8–19 ...
... and empty; the body of the Lord Jesus was not present. While the women are wondering about this, suddenly two men in clothes that gleamed like lightning stood beside them. Luke’s preference for two, instead of one, is probably again due to his concern to have two witnesses to the resurrection. This twofold witness idea continues throughout Luke 24 (two men on the road to Emmaus, two appearances of the risen Jesus, two times the witness of Scripture is appealed to). The two men, whose apparel shines (cf ...
... verse 12 (also 1 Cor. 15:22) has been the breeding ground of the doctrine of original sin. The OT links sin with death (“when you eat of [the tree of the knowledge of good and evil] you shall die,” Gen. 2:17), but it is silent concerning how sin and death were transmitted to the race. By the first century A.D., however, a theory had developed in Jewish thinking linking Adam’s sin and human corruption and death. Fourth Ezra says, “You laid upon [Adam] one commandment of yours; but he transgressed it ...
... of sin, thus revealing our need of a savior, and after salvation it remains a norm for righteous behavior. But it is no longer—indeed never was—a means of salvation. Its function, in other words, is diagnostic, not therapeutic. We might distill Paul’s thoughts concerning the law in the present chapter to three conclusions: the law is holy, but it is provisional and limited. The law is holy because it was given by inspiration and reveals the will of God. But it is provisional because, like an escort or ...
... hope is exhausted, salvation is at hand. Where nothing can be expected from humanity, everything may be hoped for from God. Creation out of nothing will happen again. “I have seen … the misery of my people … I have heard them crying out, … and I am concerned about their suffering. So I have come down to rescue them” (Exod. 3:7–8). The end of verse 25 poses a problem for commentators who suppose Paul is speaking of his pre-Christian experience. How can the recipient of grace and salvation end on ...
... designed to provide the Corinthians with information that Paul believes they need, but the references to Apollos seem to be in response to an inquiry from the Corinthians to Paul about that highly regarded preacher. 16:1 Paul answers a questions from the Corinthians concerning his taking of a collection among the members of the churches he had founded in Asia Minor and Europe. The same collection is mentioned in 2 Corinthians 8–9; Galatians 2:10; and Romans 15:24–33. The NIV translates in a paraphrasing ...
... of the slain Lamb. This vision depicts God’s vindication of the crucified Lamb. At first, however, the mighty angel can find no one worthy enough to open God’s scroll (5:1–3); the future of creation hangs in the balance, and John weeps in concern (5:4). Then a single elder identifies “the Lion of Judah (who) has triumphed” as the worthy one (5:5). At the climax of this scene, the elder’s dramatic observation is confirmed by John, who sees not the victorious messianic Lion but rather the ...
... an eschatological interlude that responds to the two questions evoked by the experience of human suffering. Whether they concern the suffering of Christian martyrs, lamented at the opening of the scroll’s fifth seal, or of their persecutors ... half (i.e., the vision of the great multitude) responds to fallen humanity’s lament, “Who can stand?” By combining both concerns into a single passage, John suggests that both questions are appropriate responses to the reign of God that has triumphed through ...
... return to lock the agents of terror back up (Rev. 20:1; cf. 1 Enoch 19:1; 20:2, where the angel is identified as Uriel). Both angels serve the redemptive interests of a sovereign God; both are sent to carry out divinely ordained tasks—one which concerns God’s judgment upon evil and the other God’s redemption from evil, and one which comes at the beginning of the last days and the other at its consummation. Caird is no doubt correct to understand that this angelic star is responsible for those human ...
... . The song and its loud volume expose the beast’s victory over the saints as short-lived; those martyrs killed by the Evil One are destined for Mount Zion. 14:4–5 In giving meaning to his description of the heavenly scene, John is concerned only to identify the 144,000. He does so with three statements, each a commentary on the conditions of Christian discipleship and the current crisis facing the people of God. The first statement casts the faithful remnant as a community of pure constituents: they ...
... where that relationship was worked out. From a covenantal perspective, Israel was obliged to respond to the gracious God of the exodus in obedience to God’s Torah, written down on the two tablets (Exod. 24:8–12). All subsequent judgments by the prophets concerning Israel’s fitness to receive divine blessing were based on its observance of Torah. Perhaps John has this OT pattern in mind: those who do not obey God’s demand (cf. Rev. 14:12) and instead worship the beast (14:11) are justly condemned ...
... . These values, however, are anti-Christian. While the distress of “kings of the earth” was over the city’s torment, the merchants mourn because they are losing profits and customers as the city burns. As Beasley-Murray says, “The merchants … are concerned neither for the miseries of the innocent nor for the sufferings of the city, but solely for the loss of trade” (Revelation, p. 267). Their disregard for human life reflects the values of their choice for materialism over theism (cf. Luke ...
... of broadening expressions: a lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live. No circumstances of time, age, location, or distance from a sanctuary, or even exile, justify violating the prohibition. This verse clearly standardizes all sacrificial practice concerning fat and blood, and places significant control on the use of all meat at the sanctuary. We have already noted that the fellowship offering concludes with a sacred meal of the meat not burned on the altar. What little Leviticus ...
... the sin, the priest could not appropriately consume the offering. The enumeration of the parts of the animal (the hide of the bull and all its flesh, as well as the head and legs, the inner parts and offal—that is, all the rest of the bull) reflects a concern that none of the animal be used by humans. The remainder of the bull is consumed, but not as a sacrifice. This place where the ashes from the altar are burned would be a closely regulated place. After each of the rest of the sacrifices in the chapter ...
... “leprosy in buildings,” that is, contamination in buildings which must be restrained. The verses deal with diagnosis and purification. 14:33–42 At the fore is a concern for holding a spreading infection in check. Both Moses and Aaron receive these instructions; priests continue to be central in the processes described. The contamination is called a spreading mildew in a house. Again, the condition is probably a fungal growth. The instructions anticipate ancient Israel’s entry into the ...
... the cultic objects. The light was a significant dimension of regular worship for the Israelites. It symbolized the presence of God with them and reminded them of the light at the beginning of creation in Genesis 1. That is why the text is so concerned to keep the light burning regularly during the day and through the night. Against the background of darkness or chaos, light symbolizes order, goodness, and stability. 24:5–9 These verses give instruction about the bread that is also to be in the sanctuary ...
... oil. The grain offering is apparently the offering regularly offered by the priests (see Lev. 6). 4:17–20 These verses expand the warning given in verse 15 that the Kohathites are not to touch the holy objects they are to carry. The concern is to preserve the Kohathites, but the broader concern is for the whole people and the danger that comes from holiness in the midst of the camp. The priests are charged to work carefully with the Kohathites and assign to each man his work and what he is to carry. The ...