... eternal punishment (14:10–11; 20:10). As the “second death,” the lake of fire represents eternal separation from the presence of God and anything related to life, since God is the creator and giver of life (e.g., beauty, trust, compassion, giving, worship, and so on). Theological Insights The great story of Scripture includes four broad movements: creation (Gen. 1–2), sin crisis (Gen. 3–11), covenant resolution with Christ as the climax of the resolution (Gen. 12–Rev. 20), and consummation (Rev ...
... dwells in the tent surrounded by Israel’s impurities. For God to remain in their midst without his wrath breaking out, his sanctuary must be “fumigated” of the people’s sins and uncleanness. This in effect “reset the equilibrium of the entire sacred compass”—that is, the concentric circles of holiness (see illustration).3 16:17 Aaron goes in . . . the Most Holy Place. Only the high priest, and even he only on the Day of Atonement, can enter the most holy place to sprinkle purifying blood ...
... offerer probably must share the meat with others. On “cut off,” see “Additional Insights” following the unit on Leviticus 6:8–7:38. 19:9–10 gleanings . . . for the poor and the foreigner. Israel’s welfare system requires landowners to show compassion by allowing the poor, including transient “foreigners,” to scratch out a living by gathering leftovers after a harvest. Grain is cut by a sickle close to the ears of grain and left on the ground for others to tie and gather. “Gleanings ...
... to a dead body. 12:13 Moses cried out to the Lord. Moses tries to avert God’s wrath, just as a crime victim might influence a judge to be lenient on the criminal who has wronged the victim. Although Miriam is guilty, Moses prays for her out of compassion and at the urging of his brother. 12:14 spit in her face. To spit in a person’s face is a sign of contempt and humiliation (cf. Deut. 25:9), something from which the Suffering Servant does not turn his face (Isa. 50:6). 12:15 confined outside ...
... assembly. This probably refers to Korah’s supporters. The Septuagint reads “his assembly.” 16:22 But Moses and Aaron . . . cried out. Though God tells Moses and Aaron to separate from the assembly because God is about to destroy them (vv. 20–21), out of compassion for their wayward opponents they make intercession on behalf of the assembly. God who gives breath to all living things. God as creator has the right to give life to or take life from his creatures (cf. Ps. 104:29–30), and he can ...
... choice of David, prompts the Lord to extend forgiveness to one so unworthy of his mercy. The Old Testament affirms that by his very nature the Lord is a forgiving God (Exod. 34:6–7; Num. 14:19; Mic. 7:18–19). His forgiveness arises out of his compassion, grace, patience, and faithful love (cf. Neh. 9:17; Pss. 86:15; 103:8–10; 145:8; Joel 2:13; Jon. 4:2). Although God’s very nature predisposes him to forgive his sinful people when they repent (cf. Ezek. 33:11), his covenant promises and his concern ...
... observations are in order: a. God’s wayward people can initiate repentance. In describing Israel’s reconciliation to God, Moses stresses the exiled people’s responsibility to make the first move (Deut. 30:1–2, 10). The Lord will then respond in compassion (vv. 3–6). This balance between human responsibility and divine sovereignty is apparent in Jeremiah 29:10–14 (cf. Ezek. 18:30–32; 36:26–27) and in Jesus’s parable of the prodigal son. The wayward son, exasperated by the consequences ...
... metaphorically) asks them why they are there. They tell him they are on the way to the Celestial City but do not know which way to take. “Follow me,” he says, and little by little he leads them away from the city, until they fall “within the compass of a net in which they [are] both so entangled” that they do not know what to do. Then the man’s white robe falls off, and they lie there crying, unable to help themselves. Spurgeon observes that this is not a picture of temptation, nor “did they ...
... exiles. It demonstrates the Lord’s patience with and commitment to his covenant people, even when they act foolishly and seek to reject his authority, as the exiles and their parents have done. It is still another example of his great mercy and compassion. Teaching the Text 1. Even when God regards his people’s lack of faith as a rejection of his authority, he maintains his commitment to them. In their legitimate desire to experience national security, Israel seeks to follow the pattern of the nations ...
... , which would eventually lead to the dementia of which he died.6 Nietzsche developed great hostility toward Christianity and proceeded to attack it with great vitriol, seeing Jesus as weak. He envisioned a race of supermen who would renounce any kind of compassion and gentleness, an ideology that later appealed to the Nazis and the followers of Mussolini. Some of his most well-known works are The Birth of Tragedy and Thus Spake Zarathustra. He once wrote, “I condemn Christianity. I raise against the ...
... emotions. He does not try to maintain a false, stoic appearance, but instead he is candid in expressing what he feels. By taking this risk, Job opens up the opportunity for others to understand and help him. Unfortunately, his friends do not respond with the compassion and assistance he needs from them. Job does not keep his feelings to himself or content himself by talking to other people. Rather, he takes the full force of his pain to God. Job does not worry that he might offend God by being honest ...
... . Compelled by his logic, Bildad concludes that Job’s children must have sinned. Bildad’s insensitive reference to Job’s children evidences that he is looking at Job’s case with a cold, analytical eye. His abstract theology without pastoral sensitivity and compassion must pain Job terribly. 8:6 if you are pure and upright. Even though Bildad does not really understand what has prompted Job’s calamity, he speaks as though he understands it completely. To Bildad’s thinking, if Job’s life had ...
... is right. It is significant that none of the friends takes Job up on his challenge. Theological Insights Throughout the Old Testament, God is repeatedly presented as caring for those who are poor and needy. As Exodus 2:23–25 demonstrates, God’s compassion for the Israelites who are crying out to him in their Egyptian bondage prompts him to intervene powerfully to deliver them from their oppression. The Lord is the defender of those who are most vulnerable in society, such as the orphans and the widows ...
... Deut. 24:15; Prov. 21:13). The Septuagint translation (stenagmos) is used by Paul in Romans 8:26 to refer to those “groans” or “sighs” in prayer that are too deep for words. When God hears the groans of the oppressed, he is moved to compassion and action, and Paul’s words suggest the same response as the Spirit intercedes for us with “wordless groans.” I will now arise . . . I will protect them. The Lord has controlled the situation all along and now at last takes action against this distorted ...
... eating bread” (14:4b)—this is God’s analysis report. Their ravenous appetite is so wanton that they no more hesitate when God’s people are the entrée than when their daily bread is set before them. They are devoid of human compassion, the default mode of their atheistic living. The correlation between the denial of God and moral decline is written between the lines. The tragic victims of this ravenous craving for more are the poor (14:6a), in parallel with “the righteous,” suggesting they ...
... of the metaphor of shepherd to ancient kings and gods was common practice in the ancient Near East. Even Isaiah calls the Persian king Cyrus the Lord’s “shepherd” (Isa. 44:28). The metaphor carried the dual notion of authority and compassion.[6] This psalm not only contains the metaphor but also references the functions and equipment of a shepherd. “Green pastures,” “quiet waters,” “the darkest valley”—these are pictures of security and protection that the shepherd provides for the sheep ...
... plundered us.This detail gives us the picture of defeat, since plundering followed defeat. 44:11 You gave us up to be devoured like sheep and have scattered us among the nations.The picture of defenseless sheep is one that ought to elicit compassion (compare with 2 Sam. 12:1–6). The description of scattering among the nations is borrowed from Leviticus 26:33, where the Lord informs Israel of the consequences of disobedience to the covenant. 44:12 gaining nothing from their sale.This idea appears ...
... . Note the structure of the verse, which involves a chiasm, the verbal clauses (A and Aʹ) and the adverbial modifiers (B and Bʹ) appearing in crisscross positions: A Have mercy on me, O God, B according to your unfailing love; Bʹaccording to your great compassion Aʹblot out my transgressions. 51:2 Wash away all my iniquity and cleanse me from my sin.The verb translated as “wash away” is used of washing clothing and denotes the “treading” that one would do when washing laundry (cf. Jer. 2:22 ...
... . In verse 1 the invocation calls on God to save the suppliant “by your might.” The rabbis have commented that when ’elohim occurs, it implies the power of God, as compared to the tetragrammaton, YHWH, which implies his mercy and compassion. While this is a generalization, it nevertheless is helpful to remember that context generally determines the choice of divine names in the Psalter, except in the Elohistic Psalter, where ’elohim is probably an accommodation to a non-Jerusalemite setting for ...
... he contemplated Israel’s destruction, whether theoretically or historically, he was overwhelmed with the thought of giving Israel up to exile: “How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? . . . My heart is changed within me; all my compassion is aroused” (Hosea 11:8). One of the most dramatic moments in the story of redemption, much like God’s grief in Hosea, is Luke’s description of the Savior’s weeping over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41). The picture of God’s derisive laughter ...
... set your heart on” them (Matt. 6:21; 1 Tim. 6:17–19). The conclusion of the psalm brings together a pair of thoughts. First is the dual thought of God’s power and love: God exercises his power by the standard of love (hesed), within the compass of his covenant. We can trust a God like that. The second concluding truth is that God will reward each person “according to what they have done” (62:12b). By way of application, we may observe the expansive use of language in the psalm. First, the psalm ...
... to see what he is doing. God of the fatherless Statistics: In Psalm 68:5, David makes a powerful statement about the heart and character of God: “A father to the fatherless, a defender of widows, is God in his holy dwelling.” The Lord has compassion and is the defender of those in need. And he often uses us in the process of caring for the orphan and the widow. There are orphan children throughout the world in desperate need of protection and homes. Consider these statistics: In 2013, over seven million ...
... of worship. Second, God allows these Jews in the context of exile to experience overwhelming pressure to conform. Third, the contrast of the Jews’ status with the threat of their demise recalls their missing Hebrew names, which might assure us of God’s incomparable compassion and deliverance in a time of crisis. Teaching the Text 1. God alone is worthy of worship. This text is clear that the three Jews pay no attention to Nebuchadnezzar, and they do so by refusing to serve his pagan gods. Compare the ...
... . 16:18–19). Theological Insights Daniel 4:28–37, the concluding pericope of this narrative, is especially rich with God’s self-revelation. First, the righteous and just God keeps his prophetic word for punishment of sin. Second, God also shows his compassion by graciously restoring those who repent of their sins. Third, God is worthy of honor and praise because he reigns in his kingdom as sovereign over all human and spiritual powers. Teaching the Text 1. God punishes those who walk in pride. Rather ...
... noble a succession of lighted souls? Abraham, Moses, David, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Amos, Hosea, John the Baptist—and Jesus! No land, great or small, in ancient or modern times, can match that galaxy of inspired leadership. Their insight is still the chart and compass of our voyaging world. But this intensive privilege had produced no good result in character. Nor was Israel’s barrenness the end of her mischief. (Had God not given all of his attention to Israel, and chosen Israel and given her that ultimate ...