... so goodness will be developed. The goodness referred to in verse 3 is a divine quality. Here in verse 5 the human situation is in view, i.e., the believer’s response to Jesus Christ in quality of life. The Greek word used for goodness (aretē) is rare in early ... 2 Cor. 4:4; 1 John 2:11; Rev. 3:17. Sins (hamartēma): see Turner, p. 412. Each Believer’s Objective 1:10 Therefore, in view of all that is set out in verses 3–9, be all the more eager to make your calling and election sure. While calling and ...
... before the provision of manna and water (Exod. 16–17) in order to give prominence to the Torah, a major topic in the prayer. 9:14 Your holy Sabbath: Since this is mentioned separately from the gift of the Torah, the distinct episode of Exod. 16:23–30 is in view (M. Gilbert, “La place de la Loi dans la prière de Néhémie 9,” in De la Tôrah au Messie [ed. J. Doré et al.; Paris: Desclée, 1981], pp. 307–16, esp. p. 311). Gilbert also suggested that the renewed mention of the Torah material refers ...
... when some other person suffers a catastrophe, we are not to point the finger at them and say that they are being judged by God for their sin. As our Lord makes clear, all of us are sinners, and all of us deserve God’s judgment. But the Bible’s view of the natural world and of God’s working in it should lead us always to ask the question when we suffer a natural catastrophe, “Is the Lord God trying to tell me something? Do I myself have need of repentance?” And Joel is saying that with the locust ...
... had been taken to task in the apostle’s severe letter; in Eph. 6:5 it is used for the sense of reverence and duty toward Christ that should motivate Christian slaves to obey their pagan masters. There is no support in the text or context for the view of W. Schmithals (Paul and the Gnostics, p. 98) that Paul is here warning his readers against the false security of those who believe that they have already attained perfection (see further on 3:12–14). 2:13 Who works in you: Gk. energein (twice in this ...
... God’s sovereignty than with royal righteousness (Prov. 16:12). 3:1–3 It is not just 1:1–2:46 that undermines the simplistic view of Solomon’s reign, however. Before we ever get to the new “wisdom material” in 3:4ff. (the seed-bed for so much of ... all right for them to sacrifice at the high places because a temple had not yet been built. However, it is much more probable in view of 3:1 that we should place the emphasis upon the second part of the verse, i.e., Solomon was to blame for the people’ ...
... 6:9 In Ezekiel, God’s actions bring about true self-knowledge: once the Lord has acted, the people are “able to see their past actions as they really are—and feel ashamed of them” (J. Lapsley, “Shame and Self-Knowledge: The Positive Role of Shame in Ezekiel’s View of the Moral Self,” in Odell and Strong, eds., Book of Ezekiel, p. 155). 7:1–27 The text of Ezek. 7 is difficult. In the LXX, vv. 6–9 come between vv. 2 and 3, and “This is what the Sovereign LORD says” (all that the LXX has ...
... also Exod. 6:7; Jer. 7:23; 11:4). According to the prophet Hosea, Israel’s idolatry and injustice had abrogated this covenant (Hos. 1:9)—a view which Ezekiel holds as well. Only when God has purged the idolatry from the hearts of God’s people will God once more be able to say ... , who according to that text went into exile even before Ezekiel did (see Dan. 1:1–7; for a defense of this view, see Block, Ezekiel 1–24, pp. 447–50). As a footnote in the NIV observes, the name in Heb. is spelled Dan’ ...
... (Kap. 40–48) traditionsgeschichtlich untersucht [BHT 25; Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1957], pp. 110–14). Similarly, Michael Konkel (Architektonik des Heiligen, pp. 349–50), who sees only 40:1–43:10 as original, identifies two levels of expansion, tied to differing views of the priesthood. One is from soon after Cyrus’ defeat of Babylon (44:1–3; 46:1–3, 8–10, 12; 47:1–12, 13–48:29), and another from well into the Restoration period after the exile (the final form of chs. 44 ...
Matthew 19:1-12, Matthew 19:13-15, Matthew 19:16-30
Teach the Text
Jeannine K. Brown
... call for this man to sell his possessions proves too great a cost, and he does not follow Jesus (19:21–22). This statement likely sounded odd to the disciples, since the wealth of a person (who was faithful to the law, as here) could easily have been viewed as a sign of God’s blessing. Jewish wisdom literature warns of inappropriate reliance on riches (Prov. 11:28), but it also shows that wealth comes from living wisely in the fear of the Lord (Prov. 8:18–21; 22:4). Jesus turns the latter notion on ...
... of the covenant, and circumcision as the sign of that covenant. We looked at the first of these in the last unit (2:17–24), and now we turn in 2:25–29 to Paul’s unusual criticism of circumcision. Since Gentiles come more clearly into view in 2:25–29, we should not be surprised that Paul no longer uses the diatribe style of argumentation. He uses that style when addressing his main debating partner, the unbelieving Jew. Thus, Paul’s diatribe will resume in 3:1–8 against that target group ...
... 5:12–14. First, the biblical explanation of the origin of evil/sin is the fall of Adam and Eve. This view, of course, presumes that those two were real people. Second, sin is both individual and corporate in nature. Regarding the latter ... universalism—the teaching that Christ’s death and resurrection were so effective that everyone now is saved even apart from personal faith. In this view, all that the church needs to do is go into all the world (or not) and announce that all are justified because of the ...
... the law (10:5) and faith in Christ (10:6–8). Consequently, this viewpoint argues that Paul interprets Leviticus 18:5 positively. Schreiner’s criticisms of this approach, however, render the tertiary usage of the law in 10:5 untenable.6First, to posit such a view of the law in 10:5 would mean that Paul has radically reversed his negative portrayal of it in 9:30–10:4, something that surely would confuse his readers. Second, similar to the first criticism, the contrast between doing the law and believing ...
... his portrait of Saul as one who is unfit to rule. 22:18 Doeg the Edomite turned and struck them down. The fact that Saul uses an Edomite to murder the priests should be appalling to the exilic readers of the history, for by this time the Edomites are viewed as archenemies of Israel (see Isa. 34:5–17; 63:1–6; Obad. 1–21). The narrator presents Saul in a sinister light, as one allied with Edom in an effort to wipe out the Lord’s priests. Surely such an individual is totally unfit to rule over God ...
... with the issue of divine justice in a bare-bones way. In one sense, it is an individual lament (Craigie), but in its total effect, it is more a prayer for deliverance (Wilson). The form critics, seeking the cultural context for such prayers, are inclined to view the psalm as a royal or national lament,[1] and based on verses 20 and 27, the speaker is assumed to be the king. This psalm belongs among the imprecations (“curses”) of the Psalter, and is one of the three psalms designated as the imprecatory ...
... beyond death, that nothing can separate the servant from his Master, whose concern for him is loving and active.”12 49:16 Do not be overawed when others grow rich.The second-person singular verb might imply that the psalmist is speaking to himself, especially in view of his potential fear expressed in 49:5, or he may be speaking to his audience collectively. 49:17 for they will take nothing with them when they die.See Ecclesiastes 5:15 and 1 Timothy 6:7. 49:20 People who have wealth but lack ...
... 2 and 7. Also, the writer’s truncated interpretations of the second and third kingdoms (Babylon in 2:39; Media in 7:17) are consistent with a focus on Greece as the last kingdom in chapters 2, 7, 8, and 10–12. As with the Roman view, there is no consensus on how Greece is replaced by God’s kingdom. The use of Daniel in the New Testament is best understood as an application of Daniel’s rhetoric and theology to believers’ experiences under Rome (symbolically called “Babylon”; e.g., 1 Pet. 5 ...
... the purity of one’s heart attitudes (17:3), unlike the wicked, who apparently prefer listening to malicious words (17:4)—such as mockery of the poor and their calamity, as well as of their Maker—thereby provoking punishment (17:5). Some people view their grandchildren or parents, rather than a rich wardrobe, as their crowning glory (17:6; cf. 16:31). Excessive speech is inappropriate for a senseless person and, even more so, deceitful speech for a ruler (17:7). Bribes, however, often work like a ...
... but most scholars do not believe that these verses are the original ending of Mark. One of the reasons for this view is that these verses make no mention of an appearance in Galilee, although the announcement in verse 7 specifically mentions this ... the Twelve, but instead wanted to confront his readers with a story of Jesus’ resurrection that was somewhat open-ended and inconclusive. This view argues that Mark wanted his readers to be left with the command about going to Galilee (v. 7) to see Jesus, and he ...
... company which Jesus kept (Prov. 1:15; 2:11–15; Psalm 1; Isa. 52:11). Lachs (p. 306) quotes from Mekilta on Exod. 18:1: “Let not a man associate with the wicked, not even to bring him nigh to the Law.” Even if this statement represents an extreme view on this matter, it does help us to understand the misgivings the Pharisees had with respect to Jesus’ habit of associating with people Jewish society regarded as sinful. 15:2 On Pharisees see note on 5:17; on teachers of the law see note on 5:21. 15:3 ...
... over to Satan is put back in the context of the world, where the church can no longer fail him and where his only real hope is the saving power of God at work in Jesus Christ. As cruel as Paul’s advice may seem, he probably views this action as a final effort to save both the man and the church from hopeless corruption. Fee summarizes the issues succinctly with these observations, “What the grammar suggests, then, is that the ‘destruction of his flesh’ is the anticipated result of the man’s being ...
... Job 1–20, p. 71; Pope, Job, p. 30; and Hartley, Job, p. 94. Since the verse seems a return to the more inclusive view of day and night, it seems best to follow the existing text. The hope here may be that Leviathan unleashed will “swallow the day ... been hidden like those in the abode of the dead. In this picture of the dead, it is largely the poor and powerless who are in view (although v. 19a does mention the great as well as the small). Even the wicked know peace here and the weary are at rest. Captives ...
... fear. He has seen the worst life has to offer, so he has no more to lose. Job has moved clearly in this chapter to identify God as hostile and punitive in his relationship with him. We may have difficulty dealing with such brutally honest language that views God as the enemy. We may want to absolve God of any wrongdoing, and so we often employ twisted logic and thinking to explain away what Job finds obvious. God is in control. Although Job is righteous, he is suffering terribly. Therefore, it must be that ...
... and the reader must evaluate the dialogue conversations on the basis of this knowledge. The second aspect that stands against this common view of the theophany is God’s commendation of Job and his words in the prose epilogue. After all is said and done, ... . 23:4; Isa. 9:2; Amos 5:8). On some occasions, as here, it is clearly the abode of the dead, Sheol, that is in view. The depths of the seas, Sheol under the earth, and now the vast expanses of the earth (perhaps better “the most distant reaches of the ...
... that he has little to offer by way of material security. To follow Jesus requires radical commitment. In the second exchange (vv. 59–60) Jesus summons another man with the words, Follow me. He is willing, but first he must return and bury his father. In view of the commandment to honor one’s mother and father (Exod. 20:12) and the importance placed upon loyalty to one’s parents in Jewish society (including Jesus himself, see Matt. 15:3–6; Mark 7:9–13), the man’s request would have seemed only ...
... 10:28; see Lev. 18:5). For Luke, this is the essence of the ethical requirements of the law. In Luke 24:26–27, 44–47, however, the evangelist makes it plain that the “Law and the Prophets” speak of Christ, foretelling his suffering, death, and resurrection. Viewed from this angle, then, it is easier to see how v. 17 would have been understood. The third saying (v. 18) supplies an example of the ethical aspect of the law that is never to “drop out” (see v. 17b). This saying on divorce upholds God ...