... :14, “the day of Preparation of Passover Week”) and that therefore Jesus’ last meal with his disciples in chapter 13 is not to be understood as the Passover. It also underscores a terrible irony: These men who were so scrupulous about the slightest contact with a Gentile or the residence of a Gentile nevertheless had no hesitation about maneuvering that Gentile into doing what their own law forbade them to do—killing an innocent man (v. 31)! 18:36 My servants: The word is not “disciples” or the ...
... God encouraged him by revealing to him the heavenly army that accompanied him on his journey (Ps. 34:7). As in the visitation from God he had experienced at Bethel (ch. 28), Jacob saw angels and named the place. 32:3–5 Jacob next sought to make contact with his brother Esau, who had settled in the land of Seir (se’ir), better known by the wider geographical term Edom (’edom). These place names recall the day when Esau, the hairy one (se’ir), sold his birthright for some red pottage (’adom; 25:30 ...
... they praise you, as I am doing today. (Isa. 38:18–19) Death is a power that reaches back into life, to rob the living of joy and fulfillment, from which the righteous person prays to be delivered (Pss. 6:4–5; 30:1–3, 8–10). Death and contact with the dead were major sources of ritual defilement in the priestly worldview (Num. 19:11–22; 31:19–24). The HB universally condemns the cult of the dead (sacrificing to ancestors or calling upon the dead for knowledge or for power; e.g., Lev. 19:31; Deut ...
... defilement of the land in God’s sight with an image from priestly law that is strange to us: “Their conduct was like a woman’s monthly uncleanness in my sight” (v. 17). In the priestly worldview, the ultimate source of uncleanness was death; by extension, contact with blood was ritually defiling, because “the life of a creature is in the blood” (Lev. 17:11, 14; see also Gen. 9:4–5). A woman’s menstrual period, then, was a time of impurity (Lev. 15:19–24). But the Holiness Code takes this ...
... to reach them with the gospel? Surrendering everything for Jesus Missions: Jim Elliot was only twenty-five years old when he went to Ecuador to bring the gospel to the Waodani tribe, a group that had never had any contact with the outside world. He and his companions made contact with the Waodani, but on January 8, 1956, Jim Elliot and four other missionaries were brutally killed by members of the tribe. They were willing to sacrifice everything for Jesus, even their own lives. Elliot once wrote, “He is ...
... . 10:4–5 Mishael and Elzaphan. These men are Moses and Aaron’s paternal first cousins, children of their father Amram’s brother Uzziel, of the Korath clan of Levites (Exod. 6:16–22). If a priest has contact with a corpse, he becomes unclean and unfit for his duties. The high priest is forbidden to have any contact with the dead (Lev. 21:10–12). To avoid impurity, Aaron’s cousins are called in to remove the bodies of Nadab and Abihu. 10:6 Do not let your hair become unkempt and do not tear ...
... :1–4,12; Num. 6:9–12; 19:1–20; 31:19–24; Ezek. 44:25–26); touching the carcass of an unclean animal (Lev. 11:24–28) or of a clean animal that has died on its own (Ezek. 44:31). Leviticus 11 treats impurity through contact with unclean animals. Its purpose concerns respecting the holiness of God (Lev. 11:44–45). Deuteronomy 14:1–21 gives a parallel list of unclean animals. Historical and Cultural Background Israel’s neighbors did not have food laws like Israel’s. Pork (v. 7) was a staple ...
... with it and thus deter further spreading of it. 14:43 If the defiling mold reappears. Persistent cases, upon confirmation by a priest, require destruction of the whole house. 14:46 unclean till evening. Those who have come into contact with this mold-leprosy are unclean until evening and must undergo a simple purification rite of washing their clothes. Presumably, this also applied to the priest who has entered the house to make the diagnosis. 14:49 two birds and some cedar wood, scarlet yarn ...
... follow these regulations could defile God’s dwelling, the tabernacle, in Israel’s midst and could incite God to inflict sudden death on offenders (v. 31b), whether it be a man or a woman with genital discharges or one who has contracted impurity by sexual contact (vv. 32–33). Theological Insights Sexuality is regarded by the Bible as a blessing from God to be enjoyed (see the Song of Songs). Yet the Bible also teaches that sexuality has been marred by human sin and impurity. The ideal sexuality of the ...
... ceremonially unclean by preparing the ashes and thus require ritual purification. The carcass of the Day of Atonement sin/purification offering similarly must be burned, and its handler also requires purification before returning to the camp (Lev. 16:27–28). Too much contact with that which absorbs impurity symbolically transmits impurity. 19:9 A man who is clean. The ashes are guarded by laypersons outside the camp, not by priests at the center of the camp. The ashes, being holy, can be handled and ...
... in this case. Alternatively, perhaps the mother’s initial period of heaviest uncleanness is shortened to seven days (and therefore her subsequent purification from lighter impurity is proportionally shortened) if she has a boy so that she will not transmit impurity to him by contact (cf. 15:19) at or following the time of his circumcision on the eighth day (12:3; cf. Gen. 17:12). But circumcision is to be performed at home rather than at the sanctuary, so it is unclear why such mitigation of impurity ...
The legal question asked of the priests poses no difficulty for them. It is in two parts and makes the point that uncleanness defiles everything with which it comes into contact. The opposite, however, is not the case. If a priest were to carry a piece of consecrated meat in the folds of his robe, any item of food that came into contact with that fold would not thereby become ceremonially clean (though the garment itself would be clean, according to Lev. 6:27). On the other hand, a defiled person renders ...
... to him. Spittle, like other body excretions, normally fell under the category of defilements in Judaism, but in holy persons spittle was often considered a healing agent. The “tradition of the elders” (7:1–23) forbade Jews from contacting unclean objects or persons, but in his intimate contact with this man by touch and spittle, Jesus demonstrates his embrace of Gentiles. The empathy of Jesus’s prayer in 7:34 and the concrete description of the healing in Greek (“the fetter of his tongue was ...
... would serve to so deflate the opponents’ accusations that Paul felt compelled to offer a guarantee of its truthfulness (1:20). After Jerusalem, it was on to the regions of Syria and Cilicia (Antioch was in Syria, Tarsus in Cilicia), with no further contact with Jerusalem, or anywhere else in Judea (1:21). The good news about his changed life was known in Judea only by reputation (1:22–23). While that evoked glory to God (1:24), it brought no formal relationship between Paul and Jerusalem. Clearly ...
... most elevated and clearminded spirits”), it was a pseudoscience, for it depended upon the theory that the earth is the center of the universe and that the planets are living powers (p. 74). The astrologers probably came from Babylonia, where they would have had contact with the Jewish exiles and the opportunity to develop an interest in the coming Messiah (cf. TDNT, vol. 4, pp. 356–59). The same word (magos, sg.) occurs in Acts 13:6, 8, of the magician Elymas (Bar-Jesus), but in the negative sense of ...
... –56, 57–62). In the feeding of the 5,000 Luke may have been thinking of Elisha’s multiplication of the barley loaves for one hundred men (2 Kings 4:42–44; Fitzmyer [pp. 766–67] and Tiede [p. 180] allow for some possible influence). There are several points of contact worth noting: (1) a specific number of loaves (2 Kings 4:42; Luke 9:13); (2) the command to give to the people so that they may eat (2 Kings 4:42; Luke 9:13); (3) food is “set before” the people (2 Kings 4:43; Luke 9:16); (4 ...
... with the mother during this time would become unclean. The boy is circumcised on the eighth day. The mother must wait an additional thirty-three days before going to worship or coming into contact with anything sacred, or holy. During the additional time the mother awaits further purification. The phrase to be purified from her bleeding significantly shows the connections between the loss of blood and uncleanness in this case. With the birth of a daughter, the period of uncleanness is two weeks and ...
... town. No doubt the priest was to supervise this process. Destruction would have been a severe loss to the owner, but the destruction is necessary to prevent the spread of a dangerous growth that threatens the wholeness of the community. Attention to those in contact with the offending structure comes in verses 46–47. Those entering the house during the quarantine are unclean till evening. Anyone sleeping or eating in the house will need to wash his or her clothes. 14:48–53 If the repairs suggested in ...
... attend to provision for the Levites. Even given the Levitical involvement in the rebellion in chapter 16, God provides for them by way of the tithe. The Levites do the work at the Tent of Meeting and are responsible also for guarding it against dangerous contact. The Levites have no other way of supporting themselves and so receive the tithe, one-tenth of the livestock and harvest from the people (see Deut. 14:22–29). The Levites perform a significant work for the people and put themselves at risk in so ...
... soldiers and Phinehas into battle. The presence of Phinehas, articles from the sanctuary and the trumpets make it clear that this battle is a “holy war.” Eleazar presumably did not go into battle because of the fear of contaminating the high priest by contact with corpses (Lev. 21:10–15). Phinehas was also involved in resisting the Midianites in chapter 25. Verses 7 and 8 succinctly summarize the battle. The army of Israel kills all the Midianite men, including Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur and Reba—the five ...
... he can and does protect and provide for Abiathar. Abiathar managed to rescue the ephod used for determining God’s will and brought it with him on his flight (23:6). Thus Saul’s actions again defeated his purposes and went further toward separating himself from contact with God. David now had the use of the ephod available to him and Saul did not—further evidence, perhaps, of God’s ongoing support for David and rejection of Saul. The brief mention of the prophet Gad in 22:5 and this reference to the ...
... body is formed in a mother’s womb, so you cannot understand the work of God, the Maker of all things” (Eccl. 11:5). Similarly, Job is unable to see God when he goes by or even to perceive him, making any sort of contact, confrontation, or even conversation impossible. The translation “when he passes . . . goes by” actually masks a revealing wordplay. The first phrase in Hebrew is yaʿabor ʿalay, which can mean “cross over, pass through.” On many occasions, however, the verb ʿbr has the more ...
... at me. If the friends have any lingering questions as to the legitimacy of Job’s annoyance, they need only to “look at” him. The Hebrew verb is pnh, “turn (your face) and look,” which may suggest that the friends are having difficulty maintaining eye contact. Certainly they have lost sight of the severity of Job’s suffering in their haste to prove him wrong. He tells them to be astonished. To look at Job, to really see his suffering and to empathize with his plight, is to be astounded by the ...
... attend to provision for the Levites. Even given the Levitical involvement in the rebellion in chapter 16, God provides for them by way of the tithe. The Levites do the work at the Tent of Meeting and are responsible also for guarding it against dangerous contact. The Levites have no other way of supporting themselves and so receive the tithe, one-tenth of the livestock and harvest from the people (see Deut. 14:22–29). The Levites perform a significant work for the people and put themselves at risk in so ...
... soldiers and Phinehas into battle. The presence of Phinehas, articles from the sanctuary and the trumpets make it clear that this battle is a “holy war.” Eleazar presumably did not go into battle because of the fear of contaminating the high priest by contact with corpses (Lev. 21:10–15). Phinehas was also involved in resisting the Midianites in chapter 25. Verses 7 and 8 succinctly summarize the battle. The army of Israel kills all the Midianite men, including Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur and Reba—the five ...