Dictionary: Rest
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Understanding Series
Gerald H. Wilson
Sarcastic Introduction Job’s response to Bildad’s third speech is extended (six chapters long)—even for the usually loquacious Job! Many commentators divide up the chapters attributed to Job to supply an extension to Bildad’s brief speech, as well as to wholly reconstruct a missing third speech for Zophar. Such reconstruction, however, can only proceed on a presumptive assumption of what each speaker would have said—and is thus controlled ultimately by the reconstructor’s theory rather than challenged and ...

Job 32:1--37:24
Understanding Series
Gerald H. Wilson
The Friends Conclude and Elihu Begins Excurses: Had the third cycle of dialogue between Job and his three friends been complete, we would expect to find Zophar’s concluding speech in response to Job at this point. However, at least in the canonical form of the book, Bildad’s truncated final speech (25:1–6), Job’s expanded concluding speech (chs. 26–31), the complete absence of any final speech by Zophar, and the opening comments in the following Elihu section, press the reader to understand this collapse ...

Understanding Series
Robert H. Mounce
Parables of Jesus: In chapter 13 we come for the first time to Jesus’ favorite method of teaching, the parable. The seven parables recorded in this chapter form Jesus’ third discourse as arranged by Matthew, There are in the first three Gospels about sixty separate parables. In the LXX the Greek parabolē almost always translates the Hebrew māšāl, which denotes a wide variety of picturesque forms of expression, including the proverb, metaphor, allegory, illustrative story, fable, riddle, simile, and parable ...

Understanding Series
Robert H. Mounce
The Final Evening: The Passion narrative is the account of the suffering and death of Jesus. It normally includes all the events beginning with the garden scene in Gethsemane and finishing with the burial. The centrality of the cross in early Christian preaching is reflected in the major emphasis given to it in each of the four Gospels. Matthew 26 records the events of Wednesday and Thursday of the final week of Jesus’ life. 26:69–75 Earlier in the chapter, we learned that Peter followed (although at a ...

Matthew 27:32-44
Understanding Series
Robert H. Mounce
27:32–34 After the prisoner had been condemned and scourged, it was common practice to make him carry the cross beam (patibulum) to the place of execution. The upright post remained in place like a mediaeval gallows. As the procession moved through the city (taking the longest route in order to serve as a warning to as many as possible), the prisoner carried around his neck a placard indicating his crime. When the cross beam with its victim had been hoisted in place and joined to the upright, the titulus ...

Understanding Series
Larry W. Hurtado
15:16–20 As indicated in the discussion of the preceding passage (15:6–15), the Roman practice of crucifixion involved more than simply hanging a person upon a cross to die; it involved the complete degradation of a person and unrestrained torture. This made the punishment the most feared of all in the ancient world. In these verses we have an abbreviated description of such cruelties heaped upon Jesus; however, Mark’s purpose is not to emphasize the physical sufferings endured by Jesus but rather the ...

2 Sam 18:19–19:8
Understanding Series
Mary J. Evans
Absalom’s Defeat: 18:1–5 David’s forces may have been more limited than he had been used to in recent times, but he and Joab were skilled in making the most of limited resources and in fighting battles where they were outnumbered. The description of his army’s structure leaves the impression that these are well-organized professional forces, as opposed to Absalom’s perhaps more haphazard arrangements. We are given only an outline, but the campaign appears to have been well-organized. David intended to lead ...

2 Corinthians 13:1-10, 2 Corinthians 13:11-14
Understanding Series
James M. Scott
The third and last section of 2 Corinthians 10–13 prepares the way for Paul’s third visit to Corinth. His first visit was to found the church (Acts 18); his second visit was to check the church (2 Cor. 2:1); and now his third visit will be to judge the church. If Paul’s ministry of the Spirit is convincing evidence for the legitimacy of his apostolic authority and ministry, a ministry that he attributes directly to God (cf. 2:14, 17; 3:5–6; 10:17), then the Corinthians’ decision to reject that ministry ...

Understanding Series
James K. Bruckner
The Presence of the Lord in the Midst of the Camp: In Exodus 40 (v. 34), “the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle” for the first time. As Moses set up the tabernacle, in accordance with the Lord’ instructions, God fulfilled the original intention to deliver and dwell with this chosen people. The outline of the chapter follows a chiastic structure: A vv. 1–8: the Lord said to set up the tabernacle, in sevenfold detail B vv. 9–16: the Lord said to anoint; Moses did everything A′ vv. 17–33: Moses set up ...

Deuteronomy 15:12-18
Understanding Series
Christopher J. H. Wright
The Release of Hebrew Slaves: 15:12–18 This law, sometimes called the law of “manumission” (i.e., release from slavery), is also based on the first law in the Book of the Covenant (Exod. 21:2–11). As with the above š e miṭṭâ law, which comes straight after the account of the exodus, it preserves the basic intention of the original law (Hebrew slaves should be granted freedom after six years of service) but adds some typically Deuteronomic extras. If a fellow Hebrew, a man or a woman . . . It is very ...

1 Kings 15:33--16:7
Understanding Series
Iain W. Provan
From Nadab to Ahab: The fulfillment of the prophecy against the house of Jeroboam has been delayed until it has been made clear how different God’s treatment of the house of David is. Now, however, we shall hear that it all turned out as Ahijah had said; as king succeeds king in this fast-moving tale of northern intrigue and violence, we shall also begin to see what he meant by describing Israel as a “reed swaying in water” (14:15). Political stability is certainly not the order of the day. 15:25–32 The ...

Understanding Series
Iain W. Provan
From Nadab to Ahab: The fulfillment of the prophecy against the house of Jeroboam has been delayed until it has been made clear how different God’s treatment of the house of David is. Now, however, we shall hear that it all turned out as Ahijah had said; as king succeeds king in this fast-moving tale of northern intrigue and violence, we shall also begin to see what he meant by describing Israel as a “reed swaying in water” (14:15). Political stability is certainly not the order of the day. 15:25–32 The ...

Understanding Series
Iain W. Provan
From Nadab to Ahab: The fulfillment of the prophecy against the house of Jeroboam has been delayed until it has been made clear how different God’s treatment of the house of David is. Now, however, we shall hear that it all turned out as Ahijah had said; as king succeeds king in this fast-moving tale of northern intrigue and violence, we shall also begin to see what he meant by describing Israel as a “reed swaying in water” (14:15). Political stability is certainly not the order of the day. 15:25–32 The ...

Understanding Series
Iain W. Provan
From Nadab to Ahab: The fulfillment of the prophecy against the house of Jeroboam has been delayed until it has been made clear how different God’s treatment of the house of David is. Now, however, we shall hear that it all turned out as Ahijah had said; as king succeeds king in this fast-moving tale of northern intrigue and violence, we shall also begin to see what he meant by describing Israel as a “reed swaying in water” (14:15). Political stability is certainly not the order of the day. 15:25–32 The ...

Understanding Series
Iain W. Provan
From Nadab to Ahab: The fulfillment of the prophecy against the house of Jeroboam has been delayed until it has been made clear how different God’s treatment of the house of David is. Now, however, we shall hear that it all turned out as Ahijah had said; as king succeeds king in this fast-moving tale of northern intrigue and violence, we shall also begin to see what he meant by describing Israel as a “reed swaying in water” (14:15). Political stability is certainly not the order of the day. 15:25–32 The ...

Understanding Series
Iain W. Provan
Elijah and the Prophets of Baal: Chapter 17 launched Elijah suddenly into the public arena of Israel’s politics (v. 1) only to whisk him away again into the privacy of the Transjordanian wilderness and a Sidonian home. There he has contributed in a small way to the war that the LORD is now waging upon the worship of Baal, while leaving the drought to do most of the damage. The time has now come for his reappearance on the main stage—for the great battle of the war, indeed. The drought is to end, but before ...

Understanding Series
Iain W. Provan
The Siege of Samaria: The Aramean threat has been hanging over Israel for some time. The uneasy peace of 2 Kings 5 gave way in chapter 6 to sporadic Aramean raids into Israelite territory—themselves curtailed because of the events of 6:18ff. There has been an accumulating tension; it is no surprise to read of full-blown invasion, as the king of Aram, long anxious for a fight (5:7), encamps his army at the very gates of Samaria. Our only question is how long Elisha will continue to help doomed Jehoram. It ...

Understanding Series
Timothy S. Laniak
The Jewish Response II: Esther’s Plan for Haman: As we have seen, banquets (feasting/drinking) occur at pivotal moments in the book of Esther and they regularly mask deeper realities. Vashti was deposed as a result of her insubordination during the public banquets of chapter 1. Esther is crowned as Vashti’s replacement during a banquet in chapter 2, but her identity is kept secret throughout (2:18–20). Haman dined with the king in a sinister, private banquet after making the king an (unknowing) accomplice ...

Understanding Series
John Goldingay
The Felling of Assyria and the Growth of a Branch: As 7:1–8:10 comprised two parallel sequences, so does 10:5–11:16. The immediately preceding section has come to a worrying end, but there now follows an unexpectedly encouraging reversal. Yahweh has been using Assyria to punish Judah, but Assyria’s own woe, or moment of punishment, is coming—as is Judah’s moment of restoration, the restoring of a remnant. We have been told that Yahweh’s anger is still unsated, but then we discover that it is being ...

Understanding Series
John Goldingay
22:1–14 Again the enigmatic title comes from the body of the poem (v. 5), though in this case the location of the Valley of Vision becomes explicit (vv. 8–11). We have to accept that many of the poems in these chapters do not tell us their historical background, so that reading them is a little like reading a parable, or understanding a film when you arrive halfway through. While the prophet’s first hearers would probably have known more than we do and therefore would have understood his words in a more ...

Children's Sermon
King Duncan
Object: a miniature basketball and basketball goal (like the kind some people hang over small garbage cans) Good morning, boys and girls. Do any of you like to play basketball? It's a fun game. Can you tell me how to play it? That's right, every time you throw the ball through the basket, you get two points. (Demonstrate your amazing hook shot here) If you stand really far away and throw the ball through the basket, then you get three points. (Demonstrate, if your ego can stand the challenge) Whoever has ...

Sermon
King Duncan
It seems strange that New Year’s Eve should fall on a Sunday. But that, of course, is what today is. Many of you are looking forward to New Year’s Eve parties. I’ve always appreciated writer Bill Vaughan’s words: “Youth is when you're allowed to stay up late on New Year's Eve. Middle age is when you're forced to.” I won’t ask how late some of you will be up. Some of you will celebrate via your television. I also like what some comedian said about that. He said, “I love it when they drop the ball in Times ...

Sermon
King Duncan
Alexander Graham Bell was an amazingly talented person. He invented the multiple telegraph, the audiometer--which is used to test your hearing--the tricycle landing gear you find on planes, and a host of other less well-known machines. In addition to this, he was the co-founder of the prestigious magazine Science, served as President of the National Geographic Society, and spent his life working with deaf people. But the most famous of all his creations was, of course, the telephone. It also made his ...

Sermon
Don Tuttle
When my sister and I were teenagers, my mom was worried about the people with which we were friends. Every so often, she would remind us to choose wisely. “Bad company destroys good morals,” she would say. Or, “You’re defined by the company you keep.” Or my personal favorite: “If you lie down with dogs, you get up with fleas.” Like most parents, Mom wanted to protect us from those that might get us into trouble. In that light, I wonder if anyone every warned the disciples about hanging around with Jesus. ...

Matthew 26 (selections)
Sermon
Don Tuttle
On the counter above our kitchen sink, my wife keeps a little flip calendar. It’s called, “If You Want Breakfast in Bed, Sleep in the Kitchen,” and each day it offers a bit of pithy wisdom. Things like—“We all get heavier as we get older because there’s more information in our head,” or “Confidence is the feeling you have before you really understand the situation.” One saying this week seemed appropriate for our current series on the Faces of Failure. “It may be your purpose in life,” it read, “to simply ...

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