... be described as the fruit of the new covenant. Thus, like the reality of the kingdom of God mentioned frequently in the NT, it is the experience of the reign of God made possible by the reconciling grace of God in Christ. It thus is the new quality of life, the new existence, made possible through the fulfillment of the promises of a new covenant. Since this is the result of God’s work, it remains secure through any future shaking of the world. By this thankful frame of mind and the faithful response that ...
... . In the Old Testament the first fruits may designate either the temporal order of the event (Christ is the first raised, 1 Cor. 15:20; Stephanus the first saved, 1 Cor. 16:15; the Christians are the first redeemed, 2 Thess. 2:13) or the quality of the group (Rev. 14:4). Here the reference to creation emphasizes temporal priority: The rebirth of Christians begins the redemption of all creation. See further G. Delling, “Haparchē,” TDNT, vol. 1, pp. 484–86. 1:19 The proverb comes from a Jewish context ...
... the winner’s prize, or an honor for distinguished public service, or a golden royal crown. A laurel wreath can soon wither, public acclaim can be short-lived, and a royal crown lost. But the crown of glory, in whatever form that may take, is unfading, eternal in quality. There could also be a link with the joy of the wedding supper of the Lamb (Rev. 19:7), for a crown was also worn by Jewish bridegrooms. Also in the Greek world crowns denoted the joy that comes at weddings, and they were common objects in ...
... in such contexts as Matt. 8:27 (“What kind of man is this?” [when Jesus stilled the storm]) and Mark 13:1 (“What massive stones! What magnificent buildings!”) implies that God’s people, in Peter’s view, should be outstanding in the quality of their lives. Holy and godly lives translates en hagiais anastrophais kai eusebeiais, lit. “in holy forms of behavior and godly deeds,” the plurals implying that there are many ways in which these can be practiced. On eusebeia, see Turner, p. 111. The ...
... should best be translated as the Red Sea for liturgical and OT contextual reasons, see Fretheim, Exodus, p. 153. 13:19 When he said, “God will surely come to your aid,” Joseph used a term that means “God pays a visit” (paqad). The quality of this “visit” in Scripture depends on your relationship to the Lord. In Exodus the same word root is translated (NIV) as “I have watched over you” (3:16); “the Lord was concerned about them” (4:31); “punishing . . . for the sin” (20:5); “count ...
... and so God was the architect. God showed Moses the plan while on the mountain, in addition to describing it (25:40; 26:30; 27:8). Because God was to live there, God had a stake in the specific simplicity of furnishing and quality of materials and workmanship. The Hebrew word for “tabernacle” (mishkan) means “dwelling place,” built from the verb root used in verse 8, “I will dwell among them” (shakan). The Hebrew root for “dwelling place” is not the verb yashab (“sit,” “remain for a ...
... that the stage is set for the performance. That is why Samson’s first moves are so surprising, and frankly, disappointing. We expected a little more than a spoiled brat who orders his parents around and has no regard for family values. With Samson, the quality of Israel’s leaders reaches an alltime low. But God—once again, strange and improper as it may seem to us—will use even a Samson to accomplish his purposes. Even the structure of this chapter reveals the moral and spiritual deficiency of our ...
... was with him, the next oracle sheds a different light on David’s plans. The oracle lets the reader realize that David’s announcement of his intention to build a permanent abode for “the ark of the covenant of the LORD” has the same inappropriate quality as the impulsive gesture by Uzzah when the ark was carried from Kiriath Jearim. It was not the bringing of the ark to Jerusalem that was denounced when Uzzah was killed by Yahweh, but the improper, exclusively human effort exerted in doing so (see ...
... jumps to the fifteenth day of the month, following the instructions in Numbers 29:12. In fact, the required number of burnt offerings prescribed for each day at the weeklong festival follows Numbers 29:12–38. Again, there is a focus on the scriptural quality of the celebration (in accordance with what is written). In line with this desire to be faithful to Scripture, the narrator enumerates in verse 5 the gamut of festival sacrifices covered in Numbers 28:1–29:11. His purpose is to emphasize that the ...
... to the literary tribute paid to divine help earlier in the text. The sin offering got rid of the uncleanness of exile, as was suggested in 6:17, and it is even more obviously in view here. The last clause in verse 35 draws attention to the quality of the other sacrifices in that they took the form of a burnt offering. As thank offerings, they might have been partial sacrifices in which the meat was returned to the sacrificer for a sacred meal with his family—the “fellowship offering” of Leviticus 3:3 ...
... Hanani, who had been associated with the project since it was a gleam in Nehemiah’s eye (1:2). The military officer in charge of the citadel near the temple (2:8) was to assist him. Nehemiah selected this commander based on two outstanding qualities: trustworthiness, a virtue conspicuous by its absence in 6:10–19, and a reverence for God that shaped his moral decisions. Nehemiah had shown how important he thought practical piety was in 5:9, 15. The two officials were responsible for the security of ...
... note of their distress when he heard their cry,” so the postexilic community poignantly brought to the divine notice their hardship in terms of political and economic enslavement in order to elicit sympathy. They had no claim but God’s own proven quality of mercy that seasons justice. Additional Notes 9:1 For the literary background of ch. 9, see Williamson’s discussion in Ezra, Nehemiah, pp. 308–9. He has also suggested that the prayer originated in Judah during the exilic period (“Laments at ...
... tried to exploit (1:11). Esther’s attractiveness is also serendipitous. Here is Esther, in the home of a relative, in a foreign land, at a time when the king happens to be looking for pretty girls to replace his banished queen. This Cinderella quality of the story creates a sense of anticipation for the most unlikely thing to become irresistibly likely: “Many girls were brought to the citadel of Susa . . . [and] Esther also was taken . . .” (v. 8). 2:8–11 The serendipity continues as Esther attracts ...
... Wisdom an authority greater than that of a sage who merely communicates wisdom. She is Wisdom and associates other aspects of wisdom with herself (vv. 12–14). Indeed she resembles the Lord in her detestation of evil. On verse 13 see Additional Notes. She possesses the qualities which are associated with the spirit of God in Isaiah 11:2 (cf. also Job 12:13–16) and by which one can truly reign and govern (vv. 14–16). On verse 16 see Additional Notes. The emphatic I (ʾ a nî) in verse 17 introduces a ...
... see also 12:22, 15:9). Literally, verse 21a reads, “Hand to hand! The wicked . . .” The certainty of divine retribution is affirmed. 11:22 Lines a and b bring out the incongruity between beauty and lack of wisdom in a woman. The qualities are juxtaposed, without any “like.” Womanly character cannot be replaced by (exterior) decoration. 11:23 Antithetic and juxtapositional. Good or wrath (cf. 11:4) are the results awaiting the righteous and the wicked (cf. 10:23). 11:24 Antithetic. This may be merely ...
... .24: “Do not say something when it is not the time for it” (AEL, vol. 3, p. 169). 15:24 Antithetic in style, but the second line is a purpose clause. The adverbs upward and down are merely directional (cf. Deut. 28:13, 43). The saying refers to quality of life (or lack of it). There is no basis for claiming that these adverbs (absent from the LXX) were added to indicate life beyond death. 15:25 Antithetic and chiastic. The proud may be also those who oppress the widow. See the remark about the boundary ...
... it is not clear if these emotions are subjective or are the reactions of others. In 14:30 jealousy (termed “envy” there) is subjective. 27:5–6 A “better” saying and an antithetic statement are united by the Hebrew root ’hb (love, friend) and the paradoxical qualities of these. In verse 5, love fails in that it is hidden instead of speaking out when needed, even for a rebuke (that would be a true sign of love). In verse 6, there is a contrast between the frank though hurtful actions of a friend ...
... himself. Although the woman had described herself as being in a house, he refers to her being in the clefts of the rock, / in the hiding places of the mountainside. His language suggests that she has been difficult for him to find. This elusive quality corresponds with her playful difficulty in finding him (1:7). The actual request (show me your face, / let me hear your voice) asks considerably less of her than the invitation as she imagined it (arise . . . and come with me). His references to seeing and ...
... of eyes as doves is used only here of the man, but of the woman in 1:15; 4:3. If the Hb. is correct, this is the most extended simile of the wa?f. “Washed in milk” could refer to the whites of the eyes or to a glistening quality. It evokes a sense of luxury. The phrase “mounted like jewels” could be an image of a statue with jewels inlaid for eyes. Murphy suggests that only the first half of the verse is about eyes, and that the word for “teeth” has dropped out of the second half (Song ...
... 16). Additional Notes 10:1–5 A. L. Oppenheim (Ancient Mesopotamia, pp. 183–98) provides a compelling picture of the “care and feeding of the gods.” 10:9 The reference to silver from Tarshish and gold from Uphaz likely intends to underline the high quality or rarity of the precious metals, but there is some question about both terms. Tarshish is best understood as a reference to a geographical location in southern Spain and thus about as western a location as could be imagined by an ancient Israelite ...
... after the people of God were established in the land. God never required such a mode of living; these seem to be human laws. Whether their mode of life was right or not is not the issue in this chapter, however. It rather has to do with the quality of their obedience. About the latter there is no doubt. The obedience of the Recabites is illustrated when Jeremiah invites them to one of the side rooms of the house of the LORD. He brought the whole family together with the leader of the present generation, a ...
... such a heavy burden, personified Jerusalem is soon sapped of strength. At that point God brings them into conflict with Babylon (those I cannot withstand). 1:15 Samek. Judah had an army, but its effectiveness did not depend on its size or the quality of its troops but rather on the disposition of God toward it. Israel won tremendous victories with insufficient troops and/or fighting skill (Jericho; Gideon) and they lost battles with superior strength (Ai). Thus, the fact that God has rejected Judah’s ...
... of God’s love and compassion. Not only do God’s love and compassion not wear out, grow weak, or vanish over time, they are new every morning. That is, they are renewed as vital as ever before. In addition, verse 23 introduces yet a third quality of God’s covenantal love toward his people, his faithfulness (ʾemuna). This word refers to God’s persistence in his relationship with his people. God is often praised as displaying faithfulness in the Psalms (33:4; 92:2 [3]; 143:1). Because of God’s love ...
... /Bet. The opening lines contrast the glory of the past with the present sad condition of the city and its people. The chapter opens by comparing city and people to precious metal (gold) and gems. In the past, city and people were like the highest quality gold (fine gold) but now it no longer shines, but rather is dull. God does not become tarnished really (Hillers, Lamentations, pp. 78–9), making this description all the more remarkable. It’s equally a surprise that a people so blessed with an intimate ...
... of adversity, disaster, and death (Job 30:26; Isa. 8:22; Jer. 23:12; Lam. 3:2). John, who offers perhaps the most profound meditations on light, claims that God is light (1 John 1:5). The predicate appropriates the intrinsic beauty of light, a quality that draws people’s hearts back to the author of beauty. For the apostle, light represents truth and signifies God’s will in opposition to the deception of the world (John 1:9; 12:46). Light stands for purity and signifies God’s holiness as opposed ...