... New Testament (London: Tyndale Press, 1946), pp. 20–23. 2:7 He made himself nothing: Gk. heauton ekenōsen (“he emptied himself”). The use of the Greek verb here has given the name kenosis to a once popular christological theory (the “kenotic” theory), which in fact has nothing to do with the meaning of the present passage. See E. R. Fairweather, “The ‘Kenotic’ Christology,” appended note to F. W. Beare, Philippians, pp. 159–74. W. Warren (“On heauton ekenōsen,”) suggested that ...
... ascension (Luke 24:44–53; Acts 1:1–12). From this rich store, each evangelist chose the material that fit his purposes. The Historicity of Jesus’s Resurrection: The historicity of Jesus’s resurrection has been debated throughout the church age. There are seven theories to explain what may have happened: (1) Early Jews said that the disciples stole the body and made up the story, refuted in Matthew 28:12–13 (see 27:62–28:15). (2) In the eighteenth century H. S. Reimarus said that the disciples ...
... examples of this law being applied in the Old Testament (Gen. 38:6–11; Ruth 4:5–10), in both of which the surviving relative proves reluctant. But a large body of rabbinic legislation on the subject shows that the law remained in force, at least in theory. The imaginary story of a woman’s seven marriages may be loosely based on a story from the apocryphal book of Tobit, where a woman, Sarah, marries seven husbands in turn but each is killed by a demon before the marriage is consummated (Tob. 3:7–8 ...
... sin and exile. 2:25-29: Believing Gentiles are the true restoration in Christ. Theological Insights Three theological truths from Romans 2:25–29 impress the reader. First, there is no room in this text or elsewhere in Paul’s letters for the “two-covenant theory,” which teaches that Jews are, and continue to be, saved by practicing the law, while Gentiles are saved by faith in Christ.3 Paul surely argues in 2:25–29, as he will throughout Romans, that there is only one covenant relationship with God ...
... –5 that political authorities are ordained of God. And happy is the nation whose philosophical assumption and legal commitment is that government should be run by and for the people. But such a blessed notion is only a rather recent development in governmental theory (ancient Greece deserves some credit for that process). Paul wrote his words (ca. AD 55–57) during the reign of Emperor Nero (AD 54–68), whose first five years were good years for the Roman Empire. After that, however, it was all downhill ...
... of slave origin. Paul’s praise for their work in the Lord probably stemmed from their ministry with him in the eastern provinces. 16:13 Greet Rufus . . . and his mother. Rufus and his mother were Jewish Christians. Long ago, J. B. Lightfoot defended the plausible theory that Rufus and his brother (see Mark 15:21) were sons of Simon of Cyrene, who was forced to carry Jesus’ cross.12 That Paul calls Rufus “chosen in the Lord” may be because his father helped Jesus carry the cross. This Rufus had a ...
... whose babies were delivered by physicians at his hospital had double the incidence of maternal mortality from puerperal fever than mothers whose babies were delivered by midwives. Having no idea about what might be causing this, he latched upon the theory that it had something to do with cleanliness. Medical students did autopsies on cadavers and would at times come from that activity to deliver a baby without carefully washing. Perhaps they were bringing “cadaverous particles” that were killing the ...
... , and Jesus responded categorically: “Neither did this man sin or his parents.” Jesus was certain that the rains fell on the just as well as on the unjust. He taught us that the best among us does not escape suffering and misfortune. So, having clarified the theory of suffering being the direct result of sin, Jesus tells his parable to underscore the fact that judgment is certain. It’s a very simple story. A fellow had a fig tree planted in his vineyard. At the bareing season he came to get some figs ...
... its unbelief, or has Israel been unable to believe because God rejected it? Many theologians have put the question this way, and as tempting as it may be to do so, it runs the risk of channeling the river of providence into a straight and shallow sluiceway of theory. What is logical is not always theological. The error of the first option is apparent from verse 6: “It is not as though God’s word had failed.” The creator is not determined by the creation any more than a potter is determined by a pot (9 ...
... of Paul’s missionary vision from Jerusalem through Illyricum to Spain is suggested by Dunn, Romans 9–16, p. 872. 15:25–29 Dodd’s mention of early Christian communism ought not be confused with Marxism. As an economic theory Marxism is determined by the compulsory ideal of common ownership of capital, whereas the early Christians were motivated by agapē, of which (at least in Jerusalem) the voluntary sharing of property was one expression. On the reason for Paul’s contribution to the saints I ...
... , at least until we discover that this assumption does not work. Is the servant some other person, as it was Eliakim in 22:20? There have been many theories of this kind and people are still producing them. Putting together elements from his four passages, Duhm thought the servant was a rabbi who had leprosy. But, again, such theories ignore the context and guarantee only unprovability. Is the servant David or David’s successor? This has been the common Christian view, and Christians will believe that the ...
... of his ministry he believed that he had been sent only to the Jewish community. Maybe this Canaanite woman was sent to him by God the Father to show him that he had come not for Jews only but for the salvation of the entire world. It’s only a theory, but the idea that he did totally empty himself and became as we are helps us better understand such utterances as his words on the cross, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46). It helps us see that his agony on the cross was real ...
If my theory of relativity is proven successful, Germany will claim me as a German, and France will declare that I am a citizen of the world. Should my theory prove untrue, France will say that I am a German, and Germany will declare that I am a Jew.
There is a theory which states that if ever anybody discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable. . . . There is another theory which states that this has already happened.
Whenever a theory appears to you as the only possible one, take this as a sign that you have neither understood the theory nor the problem which it was intended to solve.
... or a theology, he gave us a meal. As Bishop Wright says: “We break bread and drink wine together, telling the story of Jesus and his death, because Jesus knew that this set of actions would explain the meaning of his death in a way that nothing else—no theories, no clever ideas—could ever do.” (2) No wonder the church has for so long celebrated this sacred night. This is the one night we can see as well as touch the meaning of Christ’s death. But if we want to have the ultimate meaning of it all ...
... creation depends upon you! The word disciples “mathes,” and the word to create new disciples “matheteusate,” both have to do with being learners. To be a disciple is to “learn” –partly from observation and listening, part from doing, taking part in demonstrative “real life” examples of that learning. It is theory and practice rolled up in one. Often, we call this kind of learning an apprenticeship. But in the case of Jesus, his teaching goes spiritually deeper than simply learning the ...
... , the just war was a great advance for civilization in general, a noble attempt to limit the violence of war, to put the burden of responsibility upon the aggressor and to limit the effects of war upon non-combatants. And after the war, just war theory taught, all combatants must return to their church and repent mightily for their violence, not march in triumph through the streets. Today, the socially acceptable means of warfare is not the just war but rather the crusade, in which violence is imbued with ...
... what we have considered to be “worthless garbage” and have created from it beautiful works of art! In fact, our entire process of recycling follows along with the theory that nothing is worthless. And everything can be recycled, reformed, revealed, refurbished, revised, restored! One of the most astonishing witnesses to this theory is the art of “kintsugi.” Practiced primarily in Japan, artists take broken pottery and china and create beautiful works of art from them by sealing them together with ...
... news of how Jesus had transformed their lives. It would be unlikely that many people at this time would not have heard of Jesus. Yet, it is highly probable that people were not fully aware of the events of Easter and their meaning. Roman officials advocated the theory that Jesus' followers had stolen Jesus' body out of the tomb. It was up to the early Christians to carry out the message that Jesus was alive and accessible to them. A witness is someone who is willing to step forward and speak from personal ...