... point by describing the resurrection of the body as a transformation to a new kind of existence, like the angels in heaven, and by citing a well-known passage of the OT (Exod. 3:6) where Moses first was encountered by God. In order to understand the logic of Jesus’ response, it will be necessary to examine it more carefully. Jesus’ definition of the resurrection as bestowing a life like that of the angels (v. 25) is significant for two reasons. First, there was a difference of opinion among ancient Jews ...
... 24:25–27, 44–46, where the uncomprehending disciples have the Scriptures explained to them by the risen Christ. For now, however, the disciples do not understand any of this. And it is not because they are dull of understanding (which is the impression with which one is left in the Marcan version); it is because its meaning was hidden from them. This understanding would be imparted to them after the resurrection of Jesus. It is in his rejection that the Scriptures will be fulfilled. But it is in his ...
... … authority to the beast, the authority of the beast’s confederacy lasts only one hour (cf. 18:10, 17, 19) “for the Antichrist himself speedily goes to perdition” (17:11; Beasley-Murray, Revelation, p. 258). While these clues do not add much to John’s understanding of the mystery, the angel does provide a compressed definition of the beast’s terminus ad quem: the beast and ten kings will make war against the Lamb, which the Lamb quickly wins because he is Lord of lords and King of kings (cf. 19 ...
... events recounted up to this point have dovetailed so well with external historical records while in contrast, the events of the last section of chapter 11 bear no relation to the end of Antiochus Epiphanes’s life as we know it. For this reason some understand that a major shift takes place here so that the biblical writer is no longer describing the life of the oppressor of the second century B.C. but is depicting the Antichrist at the end of time. However, the notion of the Antichrist is anachronistic ...
... not find me; and where I am, you cannot come (v. 34); and all they can conclude from this is that perhaps Jesus will go where our people live scattered among the Greeks, and teach the Greeks (v. 35). The suggestion displays their ignorance. They no more understand where he is going than where he came from, and their very failure to arrest him (cf. vv. 45–46) fulfills his prediction that they will look for him but will not find him. There is a touch of irony in the remark about teaching the Greeks, for ...
... accept his infirmity and even to delight in it for Christ’s sake. This sounds almost masochistic, as if Paul likes to be abused. Certainly it opens the door to later Christian ideas of asceticism and martyrdom. Yet the apostle has come to his understanding of suffering after realizing that the power of Christ manifests itself most fully and obviously when he is at his weakest. Paradoxically, when I am weak, then am I strong. His light and momentary troubles are achieving for him an eternal glory that far ...
... . A wise man will not hate the law, but he who is hypocritical about it is like a boat in a storm. A man of understanding will trust in the law. 1:7–8 The chief term in these verses is dipsychos, translated as double-minded. The term itself is found ... partially a textual problem. It is obvious from the state of the Greek text that early copyists had problems in understanding exactly which phenomenon James had in mind: changing constellations, an eclipse, or nightfall. It was well known that the heavenly ...
... the problem was also acute, opted for Paul and almost rejected James from the canon. Luther was correct that if James knew and understood Paul’s doctrine so that he used his words with the same meanings, then James is directly contradicting Paul. What Luther failed to understand was that he was reading Paul’s meaning backwards into James. James uses words so differently from Paul that if he had ever heard Paul’s teaching (as he might not have before A.D. 49), he had only heard it in the form of second ...
James 5:1-6, James 4:13-17, James 5:7-12, James 5:13-20
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... Greek has two meanings. On the one hand, it means: “You have enjoyed yourselves on the day of slaughter.” Since the fresh meat was soon dried or salted, it was customary to have a big barbecue when one slaughtered animals. But on the other hand, James understands the double meaning, which the NIV correctly expresses. The wealthy have plenty to eat; they enjoy life. But it is the biblical day of slaughter, the day God slaughters his enemies (e.g., Isa. 30:33; 34:5–8). They have enjoyed life as if on a ...
James 5:7-12, James 4:13-17, James 5:1-6, James 5:13-20
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... Greek has two meanings. On the one hand, it means: “You have enjoyed yourselves on the day of slaughter.” Since the fresh meat was soon dried or salted, it was customary to have a big barbecue when one slaughtered animals. But on the other hand, James understands the double meaning, which the NIV correctly expresses. The wealthy have plenty to eat; they enjoy life. But it is the biblical day of slaughter, the day God slaughters his enemies (e.g., Isa. 30:33; 34:5–8). They have enjoyed life as if on a ...
James 5:13-20, James 4:13-17, James 5:1-6, James 5:7-12
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... Greek has two meanings. On the one hand, it means: “You have enjoyed yourselves on the day of slaughter.” Since the fresh meat was soon dried or salted, it was customary to have a big barbecue when one slaughtered animals. But on the other hand, James understands the double meaning, which the NIV correctly expresses. The wealthy have plenty to eat; they enjoy life. But it is the biblical day of slaughter, the day God slaughters his enemies (e.g., Isa. 30:33; 34:5–8). They have enjoyed life as if on a ...
... Cor. 6:6). See Turner, p. 479. Judaism at its best sensed the necessity for such sincere love: “The giving of alms is not enough. The gift to the poor must be made privately with nobody present. It must further be attended by a warmth of feeling and understanding sympathy; and it is in proportion to the kindness and love that flow from an act of charity that it draws its ethical and moral force” (b. Sukkah 49b). “I adjure you by the God of heaven to do truth each one to his neighbor, and to entertain ...
... in the NT (1 Cor. 4:21; 2 Cor. 10:1; Gal. 5:23; 6:1; Eph. 4:2; Col. 3:12; 2 Tim. 2:25; Titus 3:2; James 1:21; 3:13). With gentleness and respect: A similar notion is found in the Dead Sea Scrolls: “teaching understanding to them that murmur that they may answer meekly before the haughty in spirit and humbly before men of injustice” (1QS 11.1). The two qualities go closely together. Grammatically Peter’s expression may be a hendiadys for “respectful gentleness.” See Additional Note on 2:25. 3:16 To ...
... traces Israel’s origin to Abram’s leaving Ur (Josh. 24:2–13). In the early church Stephen also interpreted Abram’s move from Ur to Haran in this way (Acts 7:2–5). Having accompanied Terah from Ur, Abram possessed a framework for understanding the directions God was about to give him. 12:1 Yahweh addressed Abram, ordering him to leave his country, his people, and his father’s household. The text offers no description of the manner of Yahweh’s appearing, no superfluous detail to detract from ...
... , we resist the temptation to see it as a relic of a harshly vindictive patriarchal society (which is made unlikely by the inclusion of the mother along with the father as the recipient of honor; cf. Lev. 19:3 where she is named first). Rather, we can understand it as a witness to the seriousness with which Israel was to take the covenant and protect it for the sake of the nation. This perspective also illuminates the motive clause for this commandment: so that you may live long and that it may go well with ...
... to Israel in general, but also to Israelite and foreign individuals (cf. 2 Kgs. 4–5; 6:1–7). Now, after the long narrative about the siege of Samaria but before we hear of Hazael, we are told again about the Shunammite woman of 4:8–37. The key to understanding this new story appears to be 4:13, where Elisha makes her an offer of help. The woman declines, for she has “a home among [her] own people.” In 8:1–6, however, she no longer has such a home; she has followed Elisha’s advice and avoided ...
... to Israel in general, but also to Israelite and foreign individuals (cf. 2 Kgs. 4–5; 6:1–7). Now, after the long narrative about the siege of Samaria but before we hear of Hazael, we are told again about the Shunammite woman of 4:8–37. The key to understanding this new story appears to be 4:13, where Elisha makes her an offer of help. The woman declines, for she has “a home among [her] own people.” In 8:1–6, however, she no longer has such a home; she has followed Elisha’s advice and avoided ...
... to Israel in general, but also to Israelite and foreign individuals (cf. 2 Kgs. 4–5; 6:1–7). Now, after the long narrative about the siege of Samaria but before we hear of Hazael, we are told again about the Shunammite woman of 4:8–37. The key to understanding this new story appears to be 4:13, where Elisha makes her an offer of help. The woman declines, for she has “a home among [her] own people.” In 8:1–6, however, she no longer has such a home; she has followed Elisha’s advice and avoided ...
... pānāyw), and that is the case to this day (Hb. ʿaḏ-ʿāttâ, cf. 2 Kgs. 8:6) in this postexilic period for Israel. There is, therefore, hope for Israel in Abraham, as there is for Judah in David. Grace will triumph over law in the end. With this understanding of 2 Kings 13:22–25 in mind, we may now return to the story in verses 20–21. It is a curious little tale that presupposes the presence of a now independent Moab (cf. 2 Kgs. 3) waging limited warfare on Israel from the south (cf. the raiders of ...
... the people of Arpad and Hena being resettled in Israel in 17:24ff. The emphasis is in any case upon what has happened to the home cities of the gods, as it is in 19:12–13, where the kings of these cities are mentioned. We should understand by they, then (have they rescued Samaria?), the original gods of Samaria in general, not the particular ones mentioned just beforehand. 19:1 He tore his clothes: We have grown accustomed to monarchs tearing their clothes, signifying deep emotion (1 Kgs. 21:27; 2 Kgs. 5 ...
... the people of Arpad and Hena being resettled in Israel in 17:24ff. The emphasis is in any case upon what has happened to the home cities of the gods, as it is in 19:12–13, where the kings of these cities are mentioned. We should understand by they, then (have they rescued Samaria?), the original gods of Samaria in general, not the particular ones mentioned just beforehand. 19:1 He tore his clothes: We have grown accustomed to monarchs tearing their clothes, signifying deep emotion (1 Kgs. 21:27; 2 Kgs. 5 ...
... the people of Arpad and Hena being resettled in Israel in 17:24ff. The emphasis is in any case upon what has happened to the home cities of the gods, as it is in 19:12–13, where the kings of these cities are mentioned. We should understand by they, then (have they rescued Samaria?), the original gods of Samaria in general, not the particular ones mentioned just beforehand. 19:1 He tore his clothes: We have grown accustomed to monarchs tearing their clothes, signifying deep emotion (1 Kgs. 21:27; 2 Kgs. 5 ...
... processes of identity negotiation. Against this background, one could theorize about the following possibilities. First, one may assume that the common fate of all the subgroupings of the Jerusalemite society could have contributed to such a self-understanding. During the time of the restoration, when the community in Jerusalem and Yehud was still struggling to come to grips with their changed political, social, and cultic realities, their political subjection and vulnerability could have been a motivation ...
... processes of identity negotiation. Against this background, one could theorize about the following possibilities. First, one may assume that the common fate of all the subgroupings of the Jerusalemite society could have contributed to such a self-understanding. During the time of the restoration, when the community in Jerusalem and Yehud was still struggling to come to grips with their changed political, social, and cultic realities, their political subjection and vulnerability could have been a motivation ...
... processes of identity negotiation. Against this background, one could theorize about the following possibilities. First, one may assume that the common fate of all the subgroupings of the Jerusalemite society could have contributed to such a self-understanding. During the time of the restoration, when the community in Jerusalem and Yehud was still struggling to come to grips with their changed political, social, and cultic realities, their political subjection and vulnerability could have been a motivation ...