... ). A second proposal is that if “good and evil” is an example of coupling opposite terms to express a totality, it means “total knowledge.” In that light God sought to withhold broad, comprehensive knowledge from humans, but Scripture does not support this view. On the contrary, the sages exhorted youths to get knowledge (Prov. 1:8; 4:7; 5:1–2). The third proposal is that since “good and evil” often have a moral connotation, the issue at stake was moral knowledge. “Know” may be interpreted ...
... a joyful send-off. Next, responding to the charge of having stolen his gods, Jacob swore an oath of death against anyone who was found to be in possession of these gods. In this way he staunchly asserted his innocence. His oath indicated that he too viewed the theft as a punishable crime. Knowing that he had taken nothing, Jacob gave Laban permission to search all of his property and to take anything he found that belonged to him. The writer adds an editorial comment to heighten the suspense; Jacob did not ...
... cross the Jordan into the promised land. Sihon’s refusal to let them do so led to his land being not merely traversed, but conquered and annexed to Israel’s tribal allotments. The narrative that follows is a small-scale example of the Old Testament’s view of historical responsibility, of which the story of Pharaoh and the plagues of Egypt is the classic case study. Why did Israel capture the land of Sihon? At one level, it was because Sihon chose to reject a request for peaceful transit (vv. 26–30 ...
... on the uniqueness of Yahweh himself. No other alleged god has done either of these things. But this would leave open the possible question whether or not Yahweh himself had done such things for other peoples. No other god had, but Yahweh could have. My view, however, (in commentary above) assumes the stronger meaning of ʾ e lōhîm in both questions. Not only, with NIV, Has any other people heard the voice of God [Yahweh] . . . ? (expected answer, No, because God has spoken to no other people in such a way ...
... jubilee release applied to Israelite landowners whose land had become temporarily alienated through debt but could still be restored to the family, no later than the second generation after the original crisis. First suggested by Ellison (“The Hebrew Slave”), this view is developed by C. J. H. Wright (“Seven Years” and God’s Land, pp. 249–59). The most recent full-scale study of the whole matter, which includes a critique of the position suggested above, is Chirichigno, Debt-Slavery. For other ...
... particular form of political authority is not. The nation can and does survive without kings both before and after the centuries of actual monarchic government. Although in other OT traditions the king can be seen as the human embodiment of Yahweh’s kingship, this is not in view here. In Deuteronomy the judge stands closer to divine functions and is a more true successor to Moses than a king. “The way of the righteous judge reflects the way of the Lord (cf. 16:18–19 with 10:17). The way of the king in ...
... book on OT ethics was unilaterally given the title An Eye for An Eye by its American publishers, instead of its original British title, Living as the People of God!). Yet it is abundantly clear to any reader of Deut. alone that such a view is a misunderstanding that totally ignores the ethos of compassion, generosity, concern for the weak, and restraint of the powerful that pervades the book. The sequence, with minor variations, occurs in just three places: Exod. 21:23–25; Lev. 24:17–20; and here. In ...
... , not a murder victim. Hanging is not the means of execution (which is stoning), but a kind of intensification, perhaps for its deterrent effect. The law does not prescribe that the body of a person put to death under the law should be hung up in open view. But it is a known custom, occasionally recorded in exceptional circumstances in the OT itself (e.g., Num. 25:4; Josh. 8:29; 10:26f.; 2 Sam. 21:5–9). This law limits the exposure to the remaining daylight hours of the day of execution. The explicit ...
... The common theme, especially at the “join” (cf. 3:21–28), is the commissioning of Joshua to lead the Israelites into the land, in view of the fact that Moses would not do so but would die outside it. However, whereas chapters 1–3 focus primarily on the ... long-distance history of Israel is surveyed in the prophetic Song of Moses. This encapsulates a realistic and historically vindicated view of Israel’s unfaithfulness as well as a profound theology of God’s purposes through Israel in relation to ...
... The common theme, especially at the “join” (cf. 3:21–28), is the commissioning of Joshua to lead the Israelites into the land, in view of the fact that Moses would not do so but would die outside it. However, whereas chapters 1–3 focus primarily on the past ... -distance history of Israel is surveyed in the prophetic Song of Moses. This encapsulates a realistic and historically vindicated view of Israel’s unfaithfulness as well as a profound theology of God’s purposes through Israel in relation to ...
... ringing in our ears, we come to the seven specific petitions. The first (vv. 31–32) concerns a legal case where difficulties over evidence or witnesses make resolution in any normal way impossible (cf. 1 Kgs. 3:16–28). A priestly ritual is in view (cf. Num. 5:11–31); God is invoked as a judge to condemn the guilty and clear the innocent individual. The second, third, and fourth petitions concern various disasters that might befall the people of Israel more generally: defeat in battle and subsequent ...
... ringing in our ears, we come to the seven specific petitions. The first (vv. 31–32) concerns a legal case where difficulties over evidence or witnesses make resolution in any normal way impossible (cf. 1 Kgs. 3:16–28). A priestly ritual is in view (cf. Num. 5:11–31); God is invoked as a judge to condemn the guilty and clear the innocent individual. The second, third, and fourth petitions concern various disasters that might befall the people of Israel more generally: defeat in battle and subsequent ...
... submit to the god Mot (death), only to be revived at a later date and once again water the earth. It is this polytheistic view of reality that Elijah now challenges. He worships a single God who lives (cf. the oath taken in the name of the living God ... lit. “to bring to remembrance my sin and kill my son.” In the context a causative connection between sin and death is probably in view: “to bring my sin to God’s notice and cause my son to die.” Just by being there, Elijah has focused God’s ...
... Elijah is so reluctant to come out and face God (vv. 11–13)—does he fear that reality will interfere with conviction? 19:12 A gentle whisper: The Hb. is lit. “a voice/sound, a barely audible whisper” (qôl demāmâh daqqâh). For a summary of views on the meaning and import of this phrase, see B. P. Robinson, “Elijah at Horeb, 1 Kings 19:1–18: A Coherent Narrative?” RB 98 (1991), pp. 513–36 (esp. pp. 522–27). We are not explicitly told, of course, that the LORD is “in” the whisper, but ...
... Elijah is so reluctant to come out and face God (vv. 11–13)—does he fear that reality will interfere with conviction? 19:12 A gentle whisper: The Hb. is lit. “a voice/sound, a barely audible whisper” (qôl demāmâh daqqâh). For a summary of views on the meaning and import of this phrase, see B. P. Robinson, “Elijah at Horeb, 1 Kings 19:1–18: A Coherent Narrative?” RB 98 (1991), pp. 513–36 (esp. pp. 522–27). We are not explicitly told, of course, that the LORD is “in” the whisper, but ...
... Baasha, king of Israel, and so relieve pressure on Judah (15:16–22). On that occasion the Arameans had taken control of a significant proportion of Israelite territory in the north. It is not clear from the present narrative whether it is that campaign that is in view in 20:34 or not, for Ahab’s “father” was not strictly Baasha, but Omri. Whatever is the case, the king of Aram has now moved at the head of a powerful alliance (thirty-two kings) to put pressure on Samaria. He seeks to reduce Israel to ...
... Baasha, king of Israel, and so relieve pressure on Judah (15:16–22). On that occasion the Arameans had taken control of a significant proportion of Israelite territory in the north. It is not clear from the present narrative whether it is that campaign that is in view in 20:34 or not, for Ahab’s “father” was not strictly Baasha, but Omri. Whatever is the case, the king of Aram has now moved at the head of a powerful alliance (thirty-two kings) to put pressure on Samaria. He seeks to reduce Israel to ...
... happen, even though prophets commonly foresaw events (cf. 1 Sam. 9:15; 1 Kgs. 14:5). This is a most interesting statement in view of what has just occurred in 2 Kgs. 3, where Elisha’s knowledge of the future was similarly incomplete. God is not a ... a whole. From here to ch. 8 (cf. 8:1), the whole narrative takes place in the context of famine—something that is not unexpected in view of the condition of Israel’s religion during this period (cf. Deut. 28:15ff., esp. vv. 21–24; 1 Kgs. 8:35, 37; 18:2). A ...
... happen, even though prophets commonly foresaw events (cf. 1 Sam. 9:15; 1 Kgs. 14:5). This is a most interesting statement in view of what has just occurred in 2 Kgs. 3, where Elisha’s knowledge of the future was similarly incomplete. God is not a ... a whole. From here to ch. 8 (cf. 8:1), the whole narrative takes place in the context of famine—something that is not unexpected in view of the condition of Israel’s religion during this period (cf. Deut. 28:15ff., esp. vv. 21–24; 1 Kgs. 8:35, 37; 18:2). A ...
... happen, even though prophets commonly foresaw events (cf. 1 Sam. 9:15; 1 Kgs. 14:5). This is a most interesting statement in view of what has just occurred in 2 Kgs. 3, where Elisha’s knowledge of the future was similarly incomplete. God is not a ... a whole. From here to ch. 8 (cf. 8:1), the whole narrative takes place in the context of famine—something that is not unexpected in view of the condition of Israel’s religion during this period (cf. Deut. 28:15ff., esp. vv. 21–24; 1 Kgs. 8:35, 37; 18:2). A ...
... must be its sense in 9:22, and given its appearance so recently in 9:11 it is much better to take it this way also in 9:17–18 (and, uttered sarcastically, in v. 31; the NIV’s footnote is a most unlikely rendering of the Hb. in view of the earlier use of hašālôm). Jehoram is well aware that these are his soldiers. He is not fearful for his own safety, only anxious to discover what is going on. Has disaster overtaken Ramoth Gilead? Is this “multitude” (“rabble”?—šipʿâ in v. 17 is not the ...
... must be its sense in 9:22, and given its appearance so recently in 9:11 it is much better to take it this way also in 9:17–18 (and, uttered sarcastically, in v. 31; the NIV’s footnote is a most unlikely rendering of the Hb. in view of the earlier use of hašālôm). Jehoram is well aware that these are his soldiers. He is not fearful for his own safety, only anxious to discover what is going on. Has disaster overtaken Ramoth Gilead? Is this “multitude” (“rabble”?—šipʿâ in v. 17 is not the ...
... name for the Tiglath-Pileser of v. 29) has come. Comparison with 15:29 might suggest that it is only the reclaimed territories to the north of Israel proper that the first part of verse 19 has in view. Menahem nevertheless desires to have Pul as a friend rather than an enemy, particularly in view of the apparently unstable internal situation in Israel (he needed to strengthen his own hold on the kingdom, v. 19). He pays, therefore, to turn an enemy into a friend, just as Asa had once bought Ben-Hadad ...
... name for the Tiglath-Pileser of v. 29) has come. Comparison with 15:29 might suggest that it is only the reclaimed territories to the north of Israel proper that the first part of verse 19 has in view. Menahem nevertheless desires to have Pul as a friend rather than an enemy, particularly in view of the apparently unstable internal situation in Israel (he needed to strengthen his own hold on the kingdom, v. 19). He pays, therefore, to turn an enemy into a friend, just as Asa had once bought Ben-Hadad ...
... name for the Tiglath-Pileser of v. 29) has come. Comparison with 15:29 might suggest that it is only the reclaimed territories to the north of Israel proper that the first part of verse 19 has in view. Menahem nevertheless desires to have Pul as a friend rather than an enemy, particularly in view of the apparently unstable internal situation in Israel (he needed to strengthen his own hold on the kingdom, v. 19). He pays, therefore, to turn an enemy into a friend, just as Asa had once bought Ben-Hadad ...