... his holiness, for he has been ordained with the anointing oil (see 10:7). The high priest was the one in the community charged with the task of acting in the presence of God. He was a mediator between God and the people and in some sense the representative of the whole people before God. So for the high priest to make himself unclean would desecrate the tabernacle, which result would constitute a serious problem. This concern for holiness in the high priest also pertains to the question of whom he will ...
... work by the varied gifts and ministries of all their members (Olson, Numbers, pp. 49–50). Additional Notes 8:2 The prepositional phrase ‘el-mul pene is awkward to translate, meaning something akin to “forward, in front of.” The NIV rendering seems to catch the sense. 8:4 The term translated base usually means “side,” and so the reference may be to the part of the lampstand from the stem to the flower-shaped cups at the end of the branches, blossoms, rather than to the entire lampstand. See C. L ...
... of mutuality in human relationships as well. Additional Notes 30:1 The address to the heads of the tribes of Israel is unusual. It probably indicates the heads of families as tribal leaders. 30:2 The Hb. for vow is neder and is used in the broader sense elsewhere. For a full treatment of vows, see T. W. Cartledge, Vows in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East (JSOTSup 147; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992). 30:3 Young woman still living in her father’s house is the NIV rendering for “a woman in her ...
... coming out of Egypt (Exod. 17:8; Num. 14:43; Deut. 25:17–18). In this instance nothing, whether human, animal, or property, is to be spared. The herem, dedication to God of an enemy, is hard for modern readers to understand but would have made sense to the cultures of Saul’s time. The instruction is clear and could not be mistaken as a call for a simple raid against Amalek. The destruction was less than total, because the Amalekites remained a problem to Israel during David’s time. However, the ...
... of stoning him than from the loss of his family. There appears to have been a general loss of perspective resulting from the trauma, but David’s trust in the LORD his God enabled him and his men to regain perspective and find strength and courage. The sense of David standing alone with enemy and friend turning against him and only God to give succor is a common scenario in the Psalms. The situation was bad but possibly not irreversible. Using the ephod was probably more for the men’s sake than for David ...
... of Joab’s family, here and in v. 39, was not insignificant. Its content is fierce, and it stood as an open, public rebuke to Joab. However, there is no provision in the law for cursing to be seen as an alternative to proper prescribed punishments. In that sense David could be seen as avoiding the proper responsibilities of kingship to ensure that justice was done and was seen to be done. 3:30 It is possible that the problem for Joab was not just that Abner had killed Asahel but that he had done so by ...
... in David’s ministry. Two reasons are given for not building the temple at this stage. The Lord was not to be limited by a building, and the Lord had not yet asked for such a house to be built. The tendency to localize God could weaken the sense of his all-pervading presence, and Israel was perhaps not yet ready to resist that tendency. In the OT the uniqueness of Israel’s God is always safeguarded. 7:8–11 These verses begin to state God’s positive intentions for David. He is to be reminded again ...
... but Tamar’s welfare did not enter into his mind. 13:7 Ackerman (“Knowing Good and Evil”) suggests that David hoped for a liaison between Amnon and Tamar and encouraged them toward it. If this were so, it might have added to David’s sense of personal responsibility when it all went wrong. However, such a theory is speculation. 13:11–13 Sexual relations between brother and sister, including half-brothers and half-sisters, were forbidden in the Mosaic law (Lev. 18:9). However, it is not clear at this ...
... he can.” Sending the ark back into the city brought the awfulness of their situation home to David and his retinue. The start of their withdrawal was far from the triumphant beginning of a campaign that might be expected to result in success. Perhaps David sensed that in this, as in most civil wars, there would only be losers. Any result was going to mean death and distress among his people. Thus David, along with the retreating army, began the journey in ritual mourning (v. 30). Ahithophel and Hushai had ...
... with an affirmation of the truth of Eliphaz’s viewpoint that draws on the joint experience of all three friends: We have examined this, and it is true (emphasis added). So they call Job to hear this word—an idiom that has more the sense of “heed” or “obey” rather than simply “listen.” Eliphaz makes it clear that he needs to acquiesce in the following admonition that Job apply his teaching to himself. Additional Notes 4:7 The innocent (naqi) are not sinless, but have been declared blameless ...
... and prosperity: assign your nuggets to the dust. It does seem a bit odd, as Clines notes (Job 21–37, pp. 564–66), that Job, who has lost everything of profit or value, should be exhorted to lay his gold in “dust.” If these are indeed promises, the sense would be that Job’s gold will be as abundant as dust, and as plentiful as rocks in the ravines. 22:25–26 Eliphaz employs an extended wordplay to draw his exhortation along. He encourages Job to give up his hopes in, or reliance on, wealth or gold ...
... and family, and reviled as a sinner! Aren’t we glad that the incarnate Word of God felt the same about us? Excursus: The Epilogue: Resetting the Clock: Once Job withdraws his demand for vindication at the end of 42:6 we have come, in a very real sense, to the end of the book. The text shifts from poetry back to the prose of the prologue. The prose narrative continues to the end of the chapter and the book. The concluding epilogue exhibits elements that tie it back both to the prologue and to the poetic ...
... 45c, Phillips). The verb exerchomai (“to go out”) does not necessarily mean “to be cast out.” Why the unclean spirit leaves is not stated, although it travels through the wilderness in search of a resting place (in Matt. 11:29 anapausis has the sense of “deep satisfaction/refreshment”). It was commonly held that the arid regions of Palestine were favorite haunts of demonic spirits (cf. Tob. 8:3, where the demon fled to “the remotest parts of Egypt”), It was while Jesus was in the desert that ...
... does not promise eternal life within the horizons of the OT, rather it points to his family line. The words even in darkness admit that circumstances will not always be favorable for the Yahweh-fearer, but the words light dawns for the upright promise a sense of hope in the midst of adversity. It may strike us as unusual that the psalm should juxtapose generosity with justice and righteousness (vv. 5, 9). We might expect generosity to be paralleled by “mercy.” But, as seen elsewhere in the OT (see on Ps ...
... already been assigned by the Father. A strong element of predestination runs through Jewish thought. 20:24–28 When the other disciples heard what James and John had done, they were indignant. It would appear that they were prompted more by jealousy than by any sense of inappropriateness on the part of the two. Jesus speaks to all of them in pointing out that, although pagan rulers lord it over their subjects, this is not the way it is to be among his followers. The secret of greatness is not the ability ...
... quasi-divine (e.g., Rom. 10:9; 1 Cor. 8:6; Phil. 2:9–11; John 20:28). Now the question is whether we are to read the term in Mark 2:28 in the full sense of Christian devotion or in the more general sense of “the one in charge.” The capitalizing of the word by the translators implies that they took it in the fuller sense, and that judgment is probably correct as far as how it was read by early Christians. It is another matter as to whether Jesus is to be seen as using the term in this way ...
... demonstrate the true characteristics of leadership that will form and direct the life of the whole church. The discussion of whether or not and how “the household of Stephanas” could have been the first converts in Achaia makes too much of the sense given to Paul’s statements in the NIV and other similar translations. Paul says that this group (their exact identity is unclear and impossible to determine) was “the first-fruit of Achaia.” Paul’s own reference is vague and perhaps not intended ...
... . 1:13b–16 John’s interpretation of his vision is conveyed by his subsequent description of the commissioning Christ. It is a dramatic “light and sound show” of the Lord’s power and majesty, full of echoes from the OT prophetic writings that evoke a sense of God’s glory. Simply put, John describes a vision of Christ’s lordship over the congregations for which he now writes. Revelation 1:20 re-focuses the reader’s attention on the seven stars (cf. 1:16), which are the guardian angels of the ...
... work by the varied gifts and ministries of all their members (Olson, Numbers, pp. 49–50). Additional Notes 8:2 The prepositional phrase ‘el-mul pene is awkward to translate, meaning something akin to “forward, in front of.” The NIV rendering seems to catch the sense. 8:4 The term translated base usually means “side,” and so the reference may be to the part of the lampstand from the stem to the flower-shaped cups at the end of the branches, blossoms, rather than to the entire lampstand. See C. L ...
... see no way out of the situation and took his own life. We can only speculate as to whether this indicates a loyalty to and a love for Saul, a recognition that he had failed to fulfill his role of protecting Saul and therefore deserved to die, or a sense that there was no hope and he too was only hastening a death that was inevitable anyway. 31:6–7 The summary in verse 6 emphasizes the devastation in general and the decimation of the royal family in particular. It could be seen as a statement included by ...
... of Joab’s family, here and in v. 39, was not insignificant. Its content is fierce, and it stood as an open, public rebuke to Joab. However, there is no provision in the law for cursing to be seen as an alternative to proper prescribed punishments. In that sense David could be seen as avoiding the proper responsibilities of kingship to ensure that justice was done and was seen to be done. 3:30 It is possible that the problem for Joab was not just that Abner had killed Asahel but that he had done so by ...
... of Joab’s family, here and in v. 39, was not insignificant. Its content is fierce, and it stood as an open, public rebuke to Joab. However, there is no provision in the law for cursing to be seen as an alternative to proper prescribed punishments. In that sense David could be seen as avoiding the proper responsibilities of kingship to ensure that justice was done and was seen to be done. 3:30 It is possible that the problem for Joab was not just that Abner had killed Asahel but that he had done so by ...
... in David’s ministry. Two reasons are given for not building the temple at this stage. The Lord was not to be limited by a building, and the Lord had not yet asked for such a house to be built. The tendency to localize God could weaken the sense of his all-pervading presence, and Israel was perhaps not yet ready to resist that tendency. In the OT the uniqueness of Israel’s God is always safeguarded. 7:8–11 These verses begin to state God’s positive intentions for David. He is to be reminded again ...
... but Tamar’s welfare did not enter into his mind. 13:7 Ackerman (“Knowing Good and Evil”) suggests that David hoped for a liaison between Amnon and Tamar and encouraged them toward it. If this were so, it might have added to David’s sense of personal responsibility when it all went wrong. However, such a theory is speculation. 13:11–13 Sexual relations between brother and sister, including half-brothers and half-sisters, were forbidden in the Mosaic law (Lev. 18:9). However, it is not clear at this ...
... he can.” Sending the ark back into the city brought the awfulness of their situation home to David and his retinue. The start of their withdrawal was far from the triumphant beginning of a campaign that might be expected to result in success. Perhaps David sensed that in this, as in most civil wars, there would only be losers. Any result was going to mean death and distress among his people. Thus David, along with the retreating army, began the journey in ritual mourning (v. 30). Ahithophel and Hushai had ...