... indicates that this was a matter of dispute. Possibly his readership attributed an unwarranted eminence to angels as a consequence of their function as mediators through whom God revealed the law (2:2; cf. Acts 7:53; Gal. 3:19). If the hypothesis of the readers’ background in nonconformist Judaism is granted, they knew well an eschatology in which an angel played a more decisive role than the Messiah himself. Since they were Jews and Christians, their retreat from Christianity was resulting in a growing ...
... observations about 2:6–16: (1) The content of these verses has resulted in scholarly debate on whether gnosticism was an issue in Corinth. On 2:6–16, see J. L. Kovacs (“The Archons, the Spirit, and the Death of Christ: Do we Need the Hypothesis of Gnostic Opponents to Explain 1 Corinthians 2:6–16?” in Apocalyptic and the New Testament. Essays in Honor of J. Louis Martyn [ed. J. Marcus and M. L. Soards; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1989], pp. 217–36), who argues that positing the existence of gnostics ...
... , scholars suspect and frequently suggest that some among the Corinthians were taking vows of celibacy, so Paul’s discussion of the matter in this and the following verses has a more formal religious tone than may appear at the surface level of the words. This hypothesis about the situation may be correct, since Paul has already taken up the Corinthians’ saying, “It is good for a man not to touch a woman [i.e., not to marry?],” in 7:1–7; and he refers again to the Corinthians’ letter here. 7 ...
... an enigma. The text of vv. 22–24 is particularly problematic. Budd suggests that the oracle originally referred to the coming of the Sea Peoples and was revised at later times. That accounts for the state of the text (Numbers, p. 271). His hypothesis is plausible, but interpretation of the details of vv. 20–24 remains uncertain. 24:25 In 1967 archaeologists discovered a text about Balaam at Deir ‘Allah in the Jordan Valley. The prophet Balaam describes a vision of a coming disaster from the gods ...
... not present a greater contrast. 21:14–15 In these verses Job describes the inward disposition of the wicked in their own words. The report as direct quote, they say, removes any doubt as to the character of these individuals. This is no hypothesis based on external observation, but personal testimony from the heart of the wicked themselves. Even more, the speech of the wicked is no pompous bluff expressed to human companions. Rather, it is a caustic rejection thrown directly to God. “Leave us alone ...
... or prophet, the declaration or oracle (v. 5); a liturgist, the personal praise (vv. 6–7); and a priest, the corporate praise and intercession (vv. 8–9). Now what is the occasion for this liturgy? The opening verse may be suggestive of sickness, but this hypothesis does not account for the contents of the psalm, whose central section (vv. 3–5) concerns the destiny of the wicked. And the closing interest in the salvation of God’s anointed one and his people would seem out of place in a psalm focused ...
... discrepancy that the speaker takes “refuge in the shadow of” God’s “wings” (v. 1) and that God “sends from heaven and saves” the speaker (v. 3)? Could these inconsistencies be explained by an artificial splicing together of originally separate texts? This hypothesis gains some validity after we observe that verses 7–11 are virtually identical to 108:1–5, a psalm which is itself a composite (108:6–13 are identical to 60:5–12). But there are three considerations that point to integrity ...
... .C.; see, e.g., Ezra 4:7–8; 6:14; 7:1, 7; 8:1; Neh. 2:1; 5:14; 13:6); and perhaps Darius III Codomannus (336–331 B.C.; see Neh. 12:22), who has the advantage of being the last Persian king. Based on the five-king hypothesis, these kings would be the four who came after Cyrus. If we use the four-king point of view, we might ignore Darius I and include the other three. This view has gaps in time, and many kings are skipped, but its strength is that it takes us down to ...
... in the temple. Eppstein further argues that because Caiaphas’ impure motives were probably well known, Jesus’ action would have been viewed sympathetically by most of the onlookers. Hence Jesus was not arrested on the spot by the Levitical temple police. Eppstein’s hypothesis is plausible, but it rests on much speculation. 19:45, 47 On the Synoptic and Johannine accounts as two versions of the same episode, see Raymond E. Brown, The Gospel according to John I–XII, AB 29 [Garden City: Doubleday, 1966 ...
... an enigma. The text of vv. 22–24 is particularly problematic. Budd suggests that the oracle originally referred to the coming of the Sea Peoples and was revised at later times. That accounts for the state of the text (Numbers, p. 271). His hypothesis is plausible, but interpretation of the details of vv. 20–24 remains uncertain. 24:25 In 1967 archaeologists discovered a text about Balaam at Deir ‘Allah in the Jordan Valley. The prophet Balaam describes a vision of a coming disaster from the gods ...
... talking of the end all along (11:27, 35, 36). Clearly, the writer thought the end was imminent and connected to the downfall of Antiochus IV. Finally, with regard to applying verses 40–45 to the Antichrist, there is no way to verify or falsify this hypothesis since the events are still to come. 3. The verses are not intended as prophecy but as a hope for what would happen to this wicked king who persecuted God’s people. They are words of judgment on an evil oppressor, a denunciation of Antiochus and ...
... in the presence of the aged, show respect for the elderly and revere your God” (Lev. 19:32). For the view that the commandment also included deceased ancestors in its scope, see Brichto, “Kin, Cult, Land and Afterlife.” For a critique that rejects this hypothesis but finds value in other aspects of Brichto’s study, see C. J. H. Wright, God’s Land, pp. 151–59. Also, on the centrality of the household-plus-land units in the entire covenant structure of Israel and its implications in many spheres ...
God is not a hypothesis derived from logical assumptions, but an immediate insight, self-evident as light. He is not something to be sought in the darkness with the light of reason. He is the light.
A fact is a simple statement that everyone believes. It is innocent, unless found guilty. A hypothesis is a novel suggestion that no one wants to believe. It is guilty, until found effective.