... section has in mind that the divine storm imagery in the concluding portions of the Elihu speeches is the precedent for “the storm” here, and that the description in chapter 37 serves as preparation for the theophany. The grammar, therefore, supports a theory of a unified editorial structure for the book in which the Elihu speeches immediately precede the theophany and prepare for it. The term seʿarah commonly means a “storm wind” rather than a cyclone or tornado as we might associate with the ...
... perfect. On the other hand, this verb could be explained as a “precative perfect.” See I. W. Provan, “Past, Present and Future in Lamentations iii 52–66: The Case for a Precative Perfect Re-examined,” VT 41 [1991], pp. 164–75.) Each of these theories is possible, but they cannot be proven. It would be best to seek any comparable psalms to see if they can shed any additional light. Psalm 69 is another lengthy prayer that also laments near-death distress, and social alienation and mockery. To this ...
... of gates’ being required to open so Yahweh may enter requires some physical symbol of his presence. The most likely possibility is the cherubim-ark. The particular name of God used as a “password” through the gates, “Yahweh of hosts” (NIV the LORD Almighty), confirms this theory (see esp. 1 Sam. 4:4; 2 Sam. 6:2). The depiction of Yahweh as mighty in battle (lit. “a warrior of war”) also suits both the cherubim-ark symbol (see esp. Num. 10:35; Josh. 6:4–13) and the name “Yahweh of (military ...
... form). When we read this psalm as literature, however, there appears to be no seam before or after v. 6. But if we were to hear it performed, it may have been obvious these words were directed to God above, not to the king. As a possible confirmation of this theory, we should note this change of address would establish a somewhat symmetrical structure for the psalm with changes of address at v. 2 (the king), at v. 6 (God) with a return to the king in the next verse, at v. 10 (the bride), and at v. 16 (the ...
... speaker could be one falsely accused. Mention is made of liars and those “who seek my life” (vv. 9, 11). Seeking refuge in the sanctuary may also be implied (vv. 2, 7–8). But there is no allusion to a legal case. And neither of these theories account for the longing for God himself in verses 1–5 and the general lack of petition. These opening verses make best sense as an expression of anticipation of a pilgrimage festival. In 42:1–2 this same “thirsting for God” is envisaged to culminate in ...
... of his messiahship and charged them not to let it be known. Thus the “messianic secret” is an attempt to read back Jesus’ messiahship into the life of Jesus (see the article by Colin Brown in NIDNTT, vol. 3, pp. 206–11). Tasker says of this theory, “It is one of the more pervasive features of a certain type of modern Gospel criticism that it regards these injunctions of Jesus to keep silent about Himself as a literary device of Mark, followed by Matthew and Luke, to explain why Jesus was not more ...
... evidence for its inclusion is exceptionally strong (Aleph, B, C, K, L, W, X, and others). Fenton observes, “If genuine it is a remarkable example of an agreement between Matthew and Luke against Mark” (p. 345), which raises the question of the appropriateness of textual theory (the priority of Mark) determining the text itself. The first line stems from Isa. 8:14–15 and the second goes back to Dan. 2:44. In both cases it is an extension of the role of the stone rejected by the builders but honored ...
... futile as to be almost comical; and the rout of the disciples (v. 50) makes this token resistance even more pitiful. The fascinating reference (peculiar to Mark) to the young man who flees naked (v. 51–52) from the scene of the arrest has occasioned various theories as to why it is given here. Some have suggested that the unnamed young man is to be identified as John Mark, the traditional author of this Gospel, and that what we have here is a personal memoir of the author, admitting to his own cowardice ...
... of vv. 19–20. A few Greek manuscripts omit half of v. 19 and all of v. 20. Some commentators believe that this shorter form is original, with vv. 19b–20 added in order to restore the traditional bread/cup sequence. Equally tenable, however, is the theory that a few early Christian scribes chose to omit vv. 19b–20 in order to eliminate the second cup (or such an omission was unintentional). There is nothing unusual in the reference to a second cup, for there were four cups drunk at a Passover meal ...
... and although the people from that area remained loyal to Saul’s family for some time, it was in David’s interests to create positive relationships within the region. Much of the Ephraimite territory, including Jezreel, was in Philistine hands and could only in theory be identified as Ish-Bosheth’s territory. 2:8 Ish-Bosheth is also known as Esh-Baal (1 Chron. 8:33; 9:39). The practice of having baal, meaning “lord,” as part of a name became unacceptable when this ordinary word was inseparably ...
... ]) suggests that Nathan was a Jebusite, an original inhabitant of Jerusalem, who had joined David’s service. Nathan sought to do his best for the Jebusite community by ensuring the succession of Solomon, who was born in Jerusalem. However, Jones’s theory depends on fairly radical source criticism, including the assumption that all the theologizing within the text is a later Deuteronomic addition to a basic narrative. 12:30 The weight of the plundered crown (between 65 and 75 pounds [30–34 kilograms ...
... 7 Ackerman (“Knowing Good and Evil”) suggests that David hoped for a liaison between Amnon and Tamar and encouraged them toward it. If this were so, it might have added to David’s sense of personal responsibility when it all went wrong. However, such a theory is speculation. 13:11–13 Sexual relations between brother and sister, including half-brothers and half-sisters, were forbidden in the Mosaic law (Lev. 18:9). However, it is not clear at this stage how far the law was kept. Tamar seemed to think ...
... we all recline”). John’s choice of words here suggests to some commentators that he is describing a Passover meal (other details, such as the dipping of bread in v. 26 and the mention in v. 30 that the meal took place at night also support such a theory). If it is a Passover meal, however, it is obviously a private one celebrated at least one day in advance (cf. v. 1). The author clearly does not regard it as the Passover in a literal, chronological sense. Possibly it is a solemn meal held in lieu of ...
... “signs” of Jesus’ public ministry, perhaps: the Cana wedding, the healing of the nobleman’s son, the sick man at Bethesda, the feeding of the five thousand, the walking on the water, the blind man at Siloam, the raising of Lazarus), but such a theory, even if valid, offers no help in explaining how the statement functions in its present position in the Gospel as we have it today. It is more likely that the term miraculous signs is here used to denote resurrection signs, like the “many convincing ...
... !” Here James has reached the root of the matter. 3:16 As if to clinch his argument, James continues, For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. The charge is not simply a “domino theory” argument, but a logical consequence of the first two vices. Rivalry and party spirit destroy the cohesiveness of the Christian community, which is built on unity and love. Once the “glue” is destroyed, all kinds of disorder and rebellion creep into the community ...
... to this section. At most it adds a note of intensity and definiteness to the assertion that the fathers have known him who is from the beginning, that is, Jesus, God’s Son, the Word (1 John 1:1; John 1:1). Although many theories have been offered concerning the Elder’s reason for repeating this assertion about the fathers in nearly identical terms, none of them are convincing, and the reason remains unknown. The second half of v. 14 contains the final admonition to the community, addressed to ...
... the covenantal line. 1:43–54 E. Assis sees an anti-Edomite ideology in action here (E. Assis, “From Adam to Esau and Israel: An Anti-Edomite Ideology in 1 Chronicles 1,” VT 56 [2006], pp. 287–302). This could be a plausible theory if Lipschits is correct in his assessment of the developments in the southern and southwestern areas during the late Persian era. According to him, “the Negev, the Hebron Mountains, and the southern and central Shephelah were separated from the province of Judah. These ...
... the covenantal line. 1:43–54 E. Assis sees an anti-Edomite ideology in action here (E. Assis, “From Adam to Esau and Israel: An Anti-Edomite Ideology in 1 Chronicles 1,” VT 56 [2006], pp. 287–302). This could be a plausible theory if Lipschits is correct in his assessment of the developments in the southern and southwestern areas during the late Persian era. According to him, “the Negev, the Hebron Mountains, and the southern and central Shephelah were separated from the province of Judah. These ...
... here. Additional Notes 1:43–54 E. Assis sees an anti-Edomite ideology in action here (E. Assis, “From Adam to Esau and Israel: An Anti-Edomite Ideology in 1 Chronicles 1,” VT 56 [2006], pp. 287–302). This could be a plausible theory if Lipschits is correct in his assessment of the developments in the southern and southwestern areas during the late Persian era. According to him, “the Negev, the Hebron Mountains, and the southern and central Shephelah were separated from the province of Judah. These ...
... ); (3b) three groups remain, but Jeduthun has been replaced by Ethan, and Heman has become more prominent than Asaph (1 Chron. 6:31–48; 15:16–21). Since the publication of Gese’s work more detailed studies of Chronicles have been undertaken, some of which have made adaptations to his theory (see Klein, 1 Chronicles, pp
... Chronicles 6:41–42 is an addition that quotes from Psalm 132:8–10. This section and 1 Chronicles 16:8–36 are the only parts of Chronicles that include quotes from known psalmic material. O’Kennedy (pp. 163–68) provides a thorough discussion of theories on why the Chronicler included this specific quote here. For our purposes, however, only two of these possible reasons need to be emphasized. A prominent theme contained in the words is now arise, O LORD God, and come to your resting place, you and ...
... , for example, the festivals were meant as family rites or as festivals to be celebrated at sanctuaries, and how the celebrations should be organized. Whatever the historical reliability of the biblical witnesses to these feasts, and in spite of the many theories about the feasts, the following (at least) can be said about them: (1) the Feast of Unleavened Bread (with its probable origin in Canaanite agricultural circles) was the first of the Israelite festivals to be celebrated at the sanctuary; (2) the ...
... morning a messenger came from the palace with the exact amount the young man owed. Only the czar could pay. And the czar did pay.” (6) We don’t understand just how Christ’s death on the cross atones for our sins. Different theologians have their own theories. But we do know this: God’s grace and forgiveness are at the very heart of the Gospel. St. Paul put it this way in 1 Corinthians 15: “But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. For since ...
... story. He had to know what was in that unfinished manuscript. Later, of course, he found out that the name of this scientist was Albert Einstein and the unfinished manuscript was to be his crowning achievement. This was to be Einstein’s attempt to create a “theory of everything,” an equation that would unlock the secrets of the universe and perhaps allow him to “read the mind of God.” (4) But he never finished his search. He was never able to read the mind of God. But I will say this for Einstein ...
... given up her lunch for some hungry person. (2) It was a small gesture, yet when word got around of that little girl’s contribution, others were encouraged to also give. One little lunch made a big difference. One little lunch touched lives. It’s like a theory that Bible scholar William Barclay once proposed about how Jesus fed the 5,000. He said that most of the people going even on a short excursion would carry a small amount of food with them just in case they were delayed. This crowd stayed around ...