... the civil war that ensued (Judg. 19–21) dates from an earlier time, perhaps even the beginning of the period of the judges. Finally, there is the question of the relationship between Judges and Joshua. For the most part Joshua presents a very different view of Israel’s early experience in the land (i.e., a total conquest, summarized essentially in Josh. 10:28–43), while Judges begins with its own version of the events, which was anything but a complete conquest. It is likely that Judges portrays the ...
... and opinions there are about the end of the world. When people are emotionally charged about a subject such as eschatology, it is inevitable that there will be intense debate about it. I will not go into great detail about these differing opinions and views, but suffice it to say that some are speculative, some are ridiculous, and some are just good fiction. There are many bestselling books out there that do a great job entertaining folks with graphic tales of the return of Christ, but they are not based ...
... , it is 2017, not 1955. As long as people are careful, what they do with their bodies is up to them, right? That is the pervasive view of culture today. And maybe it makes sense to you. Maybe you are a teenager dating someone, and it is so hard to control your urges, ... masturbation. Jesus never mentioned it. Over the years the church has condemned masturbation which has led many people to view their bodies as dirty or shameful. This condemnation has also caused people to be ashamed of their sexual desires. ...
... notes on 1:2, 3) are furnished to show that John the Baptist and Jesus are to be understood in the context of the prophecies regarded by ancient Jews and Christians as holy Scripture and divine revelation of God’s purposes. That is, in the writer’s view, neither Jesus nor John appeared “out of the blue” but, rather, as fulfillment of God’s plan of redemption. This attitude, that the OT is a record of God’s work and plan and that Jesus must be interpreted as fulfillment of the work and word of ...
... , unlike most sermon or lecture illustrations. The parables require the hearer or reader to use some effort to get their point, and to perceive their meaning truly involves not just mental effort but also a moral or spiritual readiness to accept the view of God and the world that the parables embody. In other words, the parables challenge and seek to provoke the hearer or reader to a response of repentance or rejection. The parables in this episode, for example, present the claim that Jesus’ exorcisms ...
... wine were prescribed. The cup mentioned here may have been the final cup ending the meal. Thus, as suggested in the note on the bread above (v. 22), Mark has preserved Jesus’ words over the bread that initiated the meal and the cup that closed it. (An alternate view is that this was the third cup of the Passover meal, and that verse 25 refers to the final [fourth] cup, from which Jesus abstains, vowing to complete his obedience to the will of God before he drinks again of wine. See the note on this verse ...
... :28) in order to confirm some important statement. Lachs (p. 47) thinks that this Christian tradition is such an instance. He cites the Tosefta, tractate Hagiga 2.5, as an example. When the heavenly voice claims Jesus as my Son, whom I love, his adoption is not in view. That is to say, when the Spirit descended and the voice spoke, Jesus did not at that moment become God’s Son. For Luke, Jesus was God’s Son from his very conception (see 1:35). At his baptism Jesus is anointed by the Spirit, an anointing ...
... far from over. Additional Notes 4:14–15 Luke makes no mention of Jesus proclaiming the kingdom of God at this point in his ministry (contrast Mark 1:14–15). Luke wishes to avoid this popular (and misunderstood) theme until he has clarified Jesus’ own views of messiahship, as seen in the Nazareth sermon. 4:16–21 Luke’s account of this synagogue service is our oldest and most detailed description of what took place in the early synagogue. Since the return from the Babylonian exile (ca. 586–516 B.C ...
... of the other disciples. What is puzzling is that in 9:1 Jesus had given his disciples “power and authority to drive out all demons,” and yet in this case they were unable to effect a cure. It is unlikely that disciples other than the Twelve are in view. Fitzmyer (p. 809) wonders if the power given to the Twelve in 9:1 was only for the mission itself and so was temporary. This may be, for it is in the context of the later mission of the Seventy that the disciples of Jesus once again experience authority ...
... the implicit thought was, “If only I could have had such a son” (cited by Marshall, p. 481). This may be. But the heart of the incident is reflected in Jesus’ reply. Those who are truly blessed … are those who hear the word of God and obey it. In view of the fact that a sign from a skeptical crowd had been asked for above in v. 16 and that Jesus will make a pronouncement of judgment upon his generation for craving for signs, Luke may regard the saying on true happiness as a blessing on those who ...
... God would bless and exalt Israel above the nations. Jesus’ immediate answer implies that he does not share this view (as could already be gathered by the statements mentioned above). The kingdom of God does not come with … observation ... unfounded, and the city of Jerusalem, along with its temple, was destroyed. 17:26 in the days of Noah: In the period between the Testaments, Noah was viewed as a righteous man who live among godless people (see 1 Pet. 3:20; 2 Pet. 2:5). See HBD, pp. 709–10. 17:27 up to ...
... 10:30 above. blind man: Mark 10:46 gives his name as “Bartimaeus” (i.e., the son of Timaeus). Some scholars have suggested that the name was inserted into Mark long after Luke (and Matthew) had used Mark as their source. That is unlikely, however. In view of the scribal tendency to harmonize the Synoptic Gospels, one may wonder why the name was not added to the Matthean and Lucan versions as well. It is more likely that, not seeing any relevance in the man’s name, both Luke and Matthew (who mentions ...
... one other unique Lucan oracle of doom pronounced against Jerusalem (see 13:31–35; 19:41–44; 21:20–24). Jesus describes part of the horror that will come upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem. The days will be so bad that childless women, usually viewed as quite unfortunate, will consider themselves blessed. They will have no other mouths to feed during the famine that will grip the besieged city, and they will be spared the grief of seeing their children die in the overthrow of the city. The experience ...
... something of a tightrope at this point in the epistle. Considering that he has yet to set foot in Rome, has he been presumptuous in giving advice to the strong and weak in 14:1–15:13? Might his self-understanding as apostle to the Gentiles be viewed by the Romans as pretentious and ambitious? His upcoming trip to Rome—how should he explain it? If, as he states, he wanted “to preach the gospel where Christ was not known so that [he] would not be building on someone else’s foundation” (v. 20), why ...
... draw attention to Paul’s ministry, but that ensures that the power of the cross is preserved and made effective. 1:14–16 In an initial reading, Paul’s remarks in these verses appear to exhibit a surprisingly, even shockingly supercilious view of baptism. Paul is not, however, attempting to explain his theological understanding of baptism; rather, he is combating the Corinthians’ own obviously erroneous understanding of baptism as some kind of magical ritual (see 15:29 and the commentary on that part ...
... and a clear audience for tongues, but other humans are not the intended recipients of the message and so they do not comprehend the substance of the speech in tongues or benefit from it. 14:3 Paul pursues the same objective from another point of view. By contrast to the tongue speakers, those who prophesy speak to humans for the edification, encouragement, and consolation of their hearers. As one can see from nearly everything that Paul writes in this letter, the building up of the church and the well-being ...
... as that idea of God which is introduced by their praise. That is, the creator God is eternally established on the heavenly throne (4:8), and all creation finds its moorings in God, who is worthy to be praised (4:11). 4:1–2a In our view, the interpreter of Revelation makes a mistake to find meaning in every image that casts this vision of the heavenly throne-room. The author intends a cumulative impression of divine majesty which evokes the reader’s praise of God and realization of God’s sovereignty ...
... his vision of heaven, to the slain Lamb, who now joins God beside the throne and before all those who worship them both. John views the scene and hears a crescendo of heavenly voices all of which bear witness to the worthiness of the slain Lamb. This vision ... the subsequent vision of divine judgments make sense of the OT, unless the interpreter assumes the validity of a Marcionite view of Scripture? (Marcion, a leader in the second-century church, argued that the OT should have no authority for Christians ...
... trumpet plague. Is he recounting the prior visionary episode, which has now been concluded? Or is he saying that the historical reality which the first woe infers has passed? Because John’s vision is not to be construed chronologically, he probably has the fifth plague in view, and the reader is now prepared for the blast of the sixth eschatological trumpet and John’s vision of the second woe. 9:13–15 At the sounding of the sixth trumpet the seer returns to the golden altar that is before God (cf. 6:9 ...
... to fiery pillars (cf. 1:15). Yet, nowhere in the NT is Jesus referred to as an angelic being; and given his exalted status in Revelation, the oath made by this angel in verse 6 seems an inappropriate speech for Jesus to make. In our view, these phrases of splendor identify this messenger as another mighty angel, sent from the throne of God with a message of great significance for John and his readers. His identifying characteristics also suggest that its role is continuous with that of the first “mighty ...
... and will ultimately endure. Babylon and those who worship the beast will be destroyed by God (14:8–11). In the light of this contrast, then, the tacit (and logical) imperative is made clear: follow the Lamb wherever he goes (14:4). Viewed from the perspective of its contrasting images, this passage focuses John’s account of Christian discipleship that is worked out within an historical situation of human suffering and abundant evil. Second, the literary structure of this passage is carefully crafted to ...
... What is unclean is that which is used as part of idolatrous worship in that day. There is some evidence to support this view about some of the animals, but it clearly does not account for much of the textual information. A more popular rationale could be ... dirty and thus prohibited because they could cause sickness; some were scavengers or animals the meat of which would spoil. This view could explain some of the textual data but does not provide an explanation for all the evidence. Other interpreters have ...
... a gift from Yahweh, whether it is human or animal or inanimate, is protected by law. Deception or deceit of any kind is prohibited. To swear falsely relates to taking oaths with intent to deceive. Not keeping pledges and taking false oaths appear to be in view. When such words are said in the name of Yahweh, divine honor is at stake. When the oath is false, God has been used for evil purposes—a violation of the Decalogue and this injunction. Fearing God (v. 14) involves social justice and the integrity of ...
... to disfigure the body. Chapter 19 applies these prohibitions to the people as a whole. It stands to reason that they would apply even more to priests. Verse 6 contains a positive statement about holiness: They must be holy to their God. That statement fits the view that holiness is distinctiveness as people of a God who is like no other. Priests must also not profane the divine name for the reason we have already noted: They present the offerings made to the LORD by fire. If the priests are unclean and come ...
... move in any organized fashion. Budd (Numbers, pp. 6–9), Olson (Numbers, pp. 12–17), and Davies (Numbers, pp. 14–18) all give helpful summaries of the history of the question. Some solutions are too obscure to be plausible, and no view is completely satisfactory. One reasonable view is W. F. Albright’s, that the numbers represent the census of the whole population at the time of David (“The Administrative Divisions of Israel and Judah,” JPOS 5 [1925], pp. 17–54). Another reasonable theory is G ...