... of apprehending spiritual realities. Peter’s exhortation to self-control (also in 1:13; 4:7) is always a positive one, with a view to action. Similarly, believers are to be alert, to be on the watch like keen sentinels, aware that the foe may attack ... is the God of all grace, the source of all sufficiency for every demand made upon his own (2 Cor. 12:9). The goal he has in view for his people is for them to share in his eternal glory in Christ. That is the reason for his call. The experiences of this life ...
... point must be borne in mind. If a student of Scripture finds that some personal interpretation is at variance with that which has been generally accepted down the long centuries by the church, then the student should be prepared to humbly reconsider his or her view. Is a supposed insight truly the outcome of fresh light from the Holy Spirit, or is it in fact only a personal opinion? It has always been easy enough for a reader to be carried along by preconceived ideas about some aspect of Christian doctrine ...
... cost of his firstborn son. A builder who sets up the gates of Jericho will do so at the cost of his youngest (6:26). The Bible describes child sacrifice as an abomination to the Lord in Israel (2 Kgs. 21:2–6). De Vaux takes the view that Joshua 6:26 refers to child sacrifice as a part of foundation ceremonies current with Canaanites (de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Social Institutions, 2:442). E. V. Hulse suggests that the curse of Joshua 6 refers to the unhealthy aspect of living in Jericho with its high rate ...
... perhaps even Gideon, who acted like a king, despite his refusal of the title (Judg. 8:23)—Israel had been steadily moving closer to the reality of a monarchy. As we progress to the end of the book of Judges, this reality will come more and more into view, though it will not be realized until the time of Saul (1 Sam. 10:17–25; 11:12–15). 11:12–28 These verses present Jephthah as a skillful diplomat, attempting to negotiate peace with the Ammonites in lieu of armed conflict. His is the only story with ...
... changed to znkh, while at the same time it is difficult to account for a change to “was angry” in light of this Leitmotif in Judges. In that culture, for a woman to have taken any action independent of her husband would have been viewed as prostitution. One reason this argument is important is that interpreters have pointed to the fact that the woman “played the harlot” to justify her husband’s and the Gibeahites’ abuse. In keeping with the human tendency to blame the victim, they conclude that ...
... 1998], pp. 45–59, at p. 47). Wright sees 1 Chron. 14:2 as the nexus between two greater narratives, 10:1–14:2 (“the rise of the founding father”) and 14:3–22:1 (“the reign of the founding father”). Tamara Eskenazi holds another view. On the basis of a literary analysis she divides the narrative as follows: 13:1–4 (“objective defined: to bring the ark to Jerusalem”); 13:5–15:29 (“process of actualization: the transfer of the ark”); and 16:1–43 (“objective reached: celebration of ...
... also Matt. 19:29–30; Luke 18:29–30) as a biblical parallel, to the call that sometimes comes to believers to leave children and other family members for the sake of Jesus and the gospel. Additional Notes 10:1 For discussion of the widely held view that this chapter was an adaptation of the Ezra memoirs, see Williamson, Ezra, Nehemiah, pp. 145–48. It is not obvious why the shift to the third person was made. Daniels, “Composition,” p. 322, suggests that it was to ease transition to the first-person ...
... once more emphasizing the tradition of the election, which took place when the forebears of the northern tribes were delivered out of Egypt, and which finally was appropriated by all of the covenant people. Once more Amos has the whole of Israel, the elected people, in view (cf. 3:1). Yet what God attacks in the first-person speech in verses 14–15 are also specific sins in the northern kingdom, namely, false worship and injustice. Northern Israel relies on a lavish cult to keep the favor of God (cf. 4:4 ...
... the earth, but neither one of them became king. This title for the Lord (ʾadon kol haʾarets) is rare in the OT, but it is always associated with victory over enemies (Josh. 3:11; Ps. 97:5; Mic. 4:13; Zech. 6:5). This vision report ends with a view of the future. The temple lamp stand is a sign of the presence of the Lord, who will bring the promise to fruition. Zechariah’s vision moves the marker of God’s presence in the temple out into public ...
... Jesus lives his life on earth from day to day in dependence on the Father, while the disciple, in turn, lives in daily dependence on Jesus. In 14:19, however, Jesus uses similar language to refer to his resurrection. It is possible that both aspects are in view here. Jesus lives because of the Father both in his life on earth and in resurrection from the dead, while the disciple lives because of Jesus in both senses as well. There is little doubt, however, that the emphasis in each case is on the present ...
... to the godly man who does his will (v. 31). The former blind man attributes his healing to God, with Jesus in the role of intercessor asking God to act. Yet at the same time he can say without hesitation that Jesus cured his blindness (vv. 30, 32). His view of miracles coincides perfectly with that of the Gospel writer and of Jesus as portrayed in this Gospel (cf. 11:41–42). Jesus’ works are the works of God (cf. v. 4; 4:34). One cannot assign some miracles to the Father and others to the Son; all that ...
... . 10:7 I am the gate for the sheep. One ancient papyrus and certain ancient versions read “the shepherd of the sheep.” This reading seems to have resulted from scribes being misled by the contrast with “thieves and robbers” into assuming that the shepherd must be in view here. But gate is correct. 10:8 Before me: These words are not meant as part of the gate metaphor (i.e., before, or in front of, the gate, seeking entrance; cf., e.g., James 5:9). They are meant temporally: Those who up to now have ...
... to the understanding of verses 1–20 as a whole. This will become clear as Jesus explains more fully in his farewell discourses the significance of what he has done and will do (cf., e.g., 15:16; 17:17–19). The common theme of sending supports the view that verses 18–20, despite their apparent reference to the traitor Judas, belong with verses 1–17, not 21–30. In a sense, they serve the same function in relation to verses 12–17 that verse 11 serves in relation to verses 6–10. But it should be ...
... on a collision course with the world, whether of Jew or Gentile. The greater the willingness to acknowledge the world’s reality and to recognize concretely what it means for Christians to live there, the greater the possibility of a negative or even hostile view of the world. In chapter 14, the disciples and the world moved, for the most part, on tracks that never met, but in chapters 15–17 they do meet and come into conflict, even though Jesus traces only faintly the precise contours of that conflict ...
... Jesus Christ, whom you have sent (v. 3). The Son will give glory to the Father, then, by making him known in the world. He will be able to do this because the Father has given him authority over all people (v. 2a; cf. Matt. 28:18). Jesus has in view in these opening verses the world mission to be carried out by his disciples after his death. Through their testimony, the Son will give glory to the Father by granting life and knowledge to all who believe (i.e., to all those you have given him, v. 2). Verses 1 ...
... I was summoned into the service of Christ; that is why I still press on. He speaks of himself as a runner with but one object in view: to finish the race and win the prize. A competitor in a race does not look over his or her shoulder to see how much ground has ... first person plural is at most a captatio benevolentiae. This is a strained interpretation of his words. Should take such a view of things: Gk. touto phronōmen, “let us be thus minded.” In Aleph, L, and a few other manuscripts the indicative ...
... for their master (Luke 12:42–48). But the words may imply nearness in place as well as nearness in time. “The LORD is close” is a recurring assurance to his people in the OT (cf. Ps. 34:18; also Pss. 119:151; 145:18). If time alone were in view, then it might be thought that the assurance is more valid for those living only a short time before the unknown date of his advent than for those living a longer time before it; but in the sense that Paul’s words probably bear here the Lord is always equally ...
... paper and ink) until he can make a personal, face to face (lit., “mouth to mouth,” in Greek idiom) visit. Apparently the chosen lady’s (2 John 1) group is not close by, but in a neighboring town or at some distance. See the Introduction for the view that the Elder is writing to a group of churches in his sphere of authority in the vicinity of Ephesus. The Elder has, or believes he has (this is, of course, contested by the secessionists and by Diotrephes; see 3 John 9–10), pastoral responsibility for ...
... –20. Indeed, the link between law and life is an authentic OT vision (cf. Lev. 18:5; Pss. 1; 19; 119; Ezek. 18) that Jesus himself endorsed in conversation with the rich young man (Matt. 19:16ff.). It is a perspective that needs to be kept in view when wrestling with Paul’s perception (from a different standpoint and in a different debate) of the law as an agent of death. Life for Israel, in the setting of Deuteronomy, meant life in the land across the Jordan. Hence, Moses adds as further motivation to ...
... of Jesus’ command was that he spoke of the alien who was the enemy—the powerful, oppressing enemy—Rome! The detail he added to his command makes it clear he meant the Romans (cf. Matt. 5:40f.). In the society that surrounded Jesus, Romans were viewed with the same antipathy that the Canaanites are spoken of in Deuteronomy, and for at least some sections of the population, commitment to the holiness of Israel required a fresh purging of the land of those latter-day idolatrous enemies of God and God’s ...
... a distributive sense—i.e., “at whatever place Yahweh will choose in any of your tribes.” This would then imply that the single central sanctuary of v. 5 was not envisaged as necessarily one sole place for all Israel’s history. The view that v. 5 was a later editorial or legislative corrective to the potentially ambiguous v. 14 seems to assume somewhat incompetent redactors who could have simply edited v. 14 (cf. Mayes, Deuteronomy, p. 227; Halpern, “Centralization”). (e) The singular the place ...
... . also Lev. 19:27f.) Both customs are well-known rites in connection with mourning and were Canaanite cultic practices related to Baal. Special emphasis was given to self-laceration, which was connected with death and fertility ritual (cf. 1 Kgs. 18:28; and Craigie, Deuteronomy, pp. 229f.) The view that it reflects an OT respect for the body may well be, but it is not explicit in the text. Removing some or all of the hair as a response to mourning is found in the OT (Isa. 3:24; 15:2; 22:12; Jer. 16:6; Ezek ...
... effect. The law does not prescribe that the body of a person put to death under the law should be hung up in open view. But it is a known custom, occasionally recorded in exceptional circumstances in the OT itself (e.g., Num. 25:4; Josh. 8:29; 10: ... shed. D. I? Wright, however, considers that the slaughter would have involved some bloodshed from the cow, into the running stream. In his view the killing of the cow was a symbolic reenactment of the murder; thus, when the elders deny that they had shed “this ...
... returned before nightfall, thus again preventing the poor from being subjected to intolerable pressures (cf. Amos 2:8a). If the pledge was to be returned so quickly, was there any point in taking it at all? Possibly not, from the lender’s point of view. But it has been suggested that the very basic and physical nature of the pledge would prevent the borrower from entering into several separate loan arrangements (he could not give his cloak to more than one lender), and thus getting entangled in multiple ...
... liberating Israel, not from Egypt, but from Judah. Additional Notes 11:14 An adversary: The Hb. here is śāṭān, which in other OT texts refers to the great adversary, Satan (e.g., Job 1:6; 2:1). It is this latter opponent who is normally in view when “satan” appears in the NT (e.g., Matt. 12:22–37), although the human contribution to “opposition” is certainly prominent in Matt. 16:21–28. 11:25 As long as Solomon lived: This is lit. “all the days of Solomon.” It has sometimes been argued ...