... , see H.-G. Schütz, NIDNTT, vol. 2, pp. 150–52. We will do so can hardly refer to laying again the foundation or teaching of the ABCs (as in 5:12) at some future time. Some important early manuscripts have the verb in the subjunctive mood resulting in the meaning “let us do this.” The ordinary future tense, however, is well attested and more congruent with the final words of v. 3. The Seriousness of Apostasy The manner in which this section is connected with the preceding material, with the logical ...
... devil was silenced and fled. Michael was left in peace to bury Moses’ body. A forensic plea similar to Michael’s appears in v. 2 of Zech. 3, a chapter quoted again later by Jude (vv. 22–23). The Greek verb for rebuke (epitimēsai) is in the optative mood, used to express a desire. The term archangel (archangelos) occurs in the NT only here and in 1 Thess. 4:16. Elsewhere archangelos is used of the most senior angels, numbering four (1 Enoch 40:9) or seven (1 Enoch 20:7; cf. Rev. 8:2) and also called ...
... of each people . . . (v. 12). Unfortunately, Cyrus’ grand vision for unity with diversity had deteriorated by the time of his great-grandson. Now the means of mass communication and transportation are marshaled against diversity. Haman knows the king is in no mood for rebellion. The two edicts that are sent to the edges of the empire suggest a reign of intimidation and terror. Verse 15 dramatically illustrates the effect of this pronouncement on its authors and its objects. Haman and the king sat down ...
... and undetermined role at God’s side, that her openness and joy to be with the human race is not sufficiently emphasized. The scene is reminiscent of the celebration of creation among the morning stars and the sons of God (Job 38:7). However, the mood and role of Wisdom is more than just celebratory. In view of all the characteristics of Woman Wisdom, her joyful relationship to earthly people is particularly meaningful, even if the details are not spelled out here. 8:32–36 Instead of the sage speaking ...
... glory”; see Additional Notes. The NIV is a simple condemnation of vainglory. 25:28 Two juxtaposed sayings form an implicit comparison. An open, unprotected city is prey to attack from outsiders. Anyone who lacks self-control is likewise prey, but to personal moods, passions, etc. See 16:32b. Additional Notes 25:3 The NIV almost always makes the comparisons in chs. 25–27 explicit by inserting “like,” or “as,” thus making similes out of the sayings that are only implicit comparisons. 25:4 The MT ...
... 9:7–10 In the face of the preceding anguish, there comes an extended call to joy: “enjoy life, not simply because life is to be enjoyed, but because you are in the shadow of death.” The details of the section contrast with the somber mood of 7:2–4. Yet they fit with those verses because these too come after facing the reality of death and oblivion. Indeed, these details contain repeated reminders of the emptiness and transience of human life: meaningless; under the sun; toilsome labor; and the grave ...
... both for one another and for their lovemaking. If the woman’s sexuality is associated with a vineyard, the “house of wine” might be any place where her sexuality is brought to intoxicating fruition. Verse 5 maintains the fruit imagery while shifting the mood. The woman calls out to (unnamed, but plural) others to nourish her. Faint with love, as the NIV translates, is preferable to the traditional “sick with love.” This expression recurs in 5:8. The context hints that the lover is the source of ...
... are only important as specific cases of a general principle. They are lying in the name of the Lord and thus are breaking the law stated in Deuteronomy 18:14–21; the penalty for such was death. It does not appear that the exiles are in the mood or the position to put these prophets to death. However, God’s will cannot be thwarted, so again Nebuchadnezzar will be the unwitting tool of his anger. God will hand them over to Nebuchadnezzar who will put them to death. It appears that false prophecy is only ...
... ’t put much stock in that until I read about a book written by author Arnie Plotkin titled, 14,000 Things for Jews to be Happy About. Plotkin amassed this amazing list of things for Jews to be happy about in order to brighten the mood of his constitutionally worry?prone people. The book, which was marketed through temple bookstores, was a commercial failure, but later achieved success under a new title: 14,000 Things That Could Go Wrong. It appears that many Jews would rather worry than find reasons to ...
... is faithful and just, will (a) forgive us our sins and (b) purify us from all unrighteousness. Literally, the verse says, If we confess our sins, he is faithful (pistos) and just (dikaios), with the result that he will forgive (hina aphē; hina with the subjunctive mood is here a result or consecutive clause) us the sins and cleanse (katharizō, purify; cf. v. 7) us from all unrighteousness (adikias). He is God, as in vv. 6–7. His character is faithful and just. That is, he is true to his people and to ...
... warned Cain about yielding to the dangerous impulse within him. After the murder God questioned Cain and then pronounced punishment on him, but Cain asked for some reprieve and God agreed. The alternation of the names of the two brothers communicates the changing mood: the sequence Cain-Abel-Abel-Cain occurs twice in verses 1–5a; Cain’s name occurs by itself twice in verses 5b–7, followed by the pattern of Cain-Abel, which occurs three times in verses 8–9. The first brothers developed two different ...
... wasted time in doing the same. The royal officials have already been to see David (v. 47)—the very group whose Judean members Adonijah had been trying to seduce to his cause (1:9). By the time Jonathan has finished speaking, the guests are in no mood to linger. They disperse, and Adonijah seeks refuge in the sanctuary (took hold of the horns of the altar, v. 50: compare 2:28–29 for the location of the altar in the sacred tent), apparently confident that Solomon will not inflict violence upon him there ...
... of a happy, unified kingdom stretching from Egypt to the Euphrates very much corresponds to the picture in chapter 4. It will not be so very long now, however, before Israelites will be found going “to their tents” for a very different reason and in a very different mood (12:16). The days of joy are strictly numbered—as 9:1–9 will now suggest. 9:1–9 The first occasion upon which God appeared to Solomon (1 Kgs. 3:4–15) marked the beginning of Solomon’s rise to greatness; he was endowed with the ...
... of the faith (cf. Heb. 11:37–38). For like the words that Elijah speaks in its midst, the cave harks back to the situation of oppression under Jezebel when other prophets were hidden in a cave (18:4, 13). It is a dark place for someone in a dark mood, and it is significant that God’s attempt to change Elijah’s thinking is closely tied to an attempt to get him out of the cave (v. 11). It is also significant that Elijah is so reluctant to come out and face God (vv. 11–13)—does he fear that ...
... )? Or is his version intended to speak only of a change of leadership in Jerusalem? (Consider here what will happen in Acts.) Following on from the “in your face” style of Jesus’s arrival at Jerusalem, these two pericopes show him in confrontational mood, prepared to antagonize powerful people. Is this a model for our own presentation of God’s truth? When is there a place for the “gentle answer that turns away wrath” (Prov. 15:1)? Illustrating the Text Christ knows how to effectively confront a ...
... of flesh Spirit: Spiritual nature – mindset of Spirit 8:6 Flesh/Law: Result – death Spirit: Result – life 8:7-8 Flesh/Law: Hostile, unpleasing to God Spirit: (Implied) Obedient, pleasing to God (cf. 8:1-4) First, in these verses Paul speaks in the indicative mood, not the imperative. Thus, he is describing the spiritual reality: those following the flesh displease God and die, but those following the Spirit obey God and live. Second, a comparison of 8:5–8 with chapter 7 (and even 8:3–4) makes it ...
... or war movie, a romance or moody drama, and perhaps a comedy or children’s adventure. If you have projection capabilities, consider creating slides with the logo or poster from each, or even consider short clips or soundtrack snippets to help establish the mood. Move through them one at a time, asking your congregation to consider (and perhaps call out their answers) how they would define success and failure or winning and losing if they were the main character in each film. In the action movie, success ...
... the church. 10:12 So, if you think you are standing firm, be careful that you don’t fall! With proverbial precision, Paul summarizes his point in a most memorable and terse seven-word warning that in Greek includes no fewer than four verbal forms/moods and three verbal tenses.10 Translating the grammatical points of Paul’s expression into English would sound something like this: “As a result, the one who continues to think[11] that he/she is able to stand must remain watchful lest he/she may fall ...
... , it is the foundation, a “way of life”[2] that should give guidance to the expression of all the gifts: love. 13:1–3 Seven parallel examples solidify Paul’s point. With rhetorical force, Paul sets up a hypothetical scenario (subjunctive mood) in which he makes himself the case in point—“If I should . . .” 13:1 tongues of men or of angels. Any speech (tongues or regular human language) becomes mere sound waves without love. “Loud brass,” or “resounding gong,” contrasts with the ...
... s elevation of prophecy over tongues in this section does not imply he thinks prophecy is superior because it is above manipulation and does not need to be evaluated for its authenticity as revelatory of Christ (14:29; 12:10; cf. 11:4). Rather, the subjunctive mood of the plural verb (proph?teu?te) indicates his desire that every part of Christ’s body would know God’s word and voice and use it to encourage the whole body (14:3). “Prophecy” refers to a revelatory message in which the Spirit inspires ...
... his most common concluding benediction. He uses it in every letter. It includes the source “of the Lord Jesus,” the wish “grace,” and the recipients “with you.” The verb is not expressed but understood (English translations supply a form of “to be,” usually in the mood of a wish: “may grace . . . be with you”).[8] My love to all of you in Christ Jesus. From beginning to end, Paul assures the Corinthians of his unwavering love (cf. 4:14; 10:14; 13:1–13; 15:58), not just to some of them ...
... . Mythology: The gods of mythology were known for being capricious. Take, for example, the Greek god Eurus, the “East Wind.” He can be described as a “surly, treacherous fellow, striking suddenly out of the fair skies” and “a menace to shipping when his mood was foul.”14More famously capricious was Eros, the god of amorous desire, who on a whim would strike a victim with his mischievous love arrows. The faithful God of the Bible is different. He is not capricious. He does not lie (Num. 23:19 ...
... to any of them at the time; . . . None had the big picture of what was happening elsewhere. Great victories are won when ordinary people execute their assigned tasks—and a faithful person does not debate each day whether he or she is in the mood to follow the sergeant’s orders. . . . We exercise faith by responding to the task . . . before us, for we have control only over our actions in the present moment.15 Lyrics: “I Still Believe,” by Jeremy Camp. For a young audience, Jeremy’s testimony and ...
... , 288–89. Interpretive Insights 21:1 Ahimelek trembled. Nob is located just two miles southeast of Gibeah, Saul’s home, and it is likely that news of Saul’s attempts on David’s life have reached the priest. The reference to Ahimelek’s fear sets the mood for this chapter, in which David himself will be overcome by fear (v. 12) and, for the first time in the story, is depicted as being in a panic. Why are you alone? Why is no one with you? By quoting the priest, the narrator highlights David ...
... at Gilboa, the tragic defeat at Aphek/Ebenezer has been repeated. Saul’s death clears the path for David to ascend the throne, but that theme is not the emphasis of these chapters. The defeat at Gilboa is not cause for celebration. The mood is one of loss and humiliation, as David’s lament expresses. Surely this tone of sadness and embarrassment resonates with exilic readers of the story, for they are experiencing loss and humiliation as well. They know all too well that rebellion against God brings ...