... is the Third Person of the Trinity, but thinking in such terms followed the cross, resurrection, and Pentecost. Although the Holy Spirit was present and active in people in OT times, they would naturally not conceptualize this in Trinitarian terms. Further, Christian understanding of the Trinity tends to lose the vigorous and vibrant connotations of “spirit” in the OT, and the NIV’s capitalization is inclined to make us lose the dynamic of Haggai’ s message. 2:6–9 It will eventually become clear ...
... the ministries of prophets over many generations. Eventually Israel was brought to an end by military conquest, the northern kingdom in 721 B.C. and the southern kingdom in 586 B.C. This brief saying in verses 14–15 summarizes the postexilic understanding of that judgment, and the reasoning that enabled God’s people to have hope for their future relationship. “I am very jealous for Jerusalem and Zion.” The Lord now expresses passionate attachment to Israel in the form of jealousy for the defeated ...
... loaned money at interest to pay back the “hundredth part of the money, grain, new wine and oil” (Neh. 5:11). “Sons of freshly pressed oil” stops short of interpreting either tree as a symbol of the Messiah, although this is a traditional understanding of this vision, found in the NIV’s anointed ones. This kind of new oil (yitshar) is never used for anointing kings or priests in the OT. (Neither the verb mshkh, “anoint,” nor the noun mashiakh, “anointed one, messiah,” appear in this passage ...
... , so as to be legible from a distance (see Hab. 2:2). Neither Zechariah nor the angel read from the scroll, however. The angel/messenger identifies its function as a “curse,” and so it was not necessary to “read the fine print” in order to understand how the document worked. This type of curse was familiar to the first hearers and readers of this vision report. According to 1 Kings 8:31–32, a person suspected of harming a neighbor would take an oath (ʾalah) of innocence before the altar in the ...
... composed of two or more parts. Panim, “face,” is a common example. Silver and gold cannot be forged together, so the crown may have consisted of two circlets—one of silver and one of gold. 6:13 He will be a priest on his throne: The NIV apparently understands the subject of this sentence to be the Branch, as in the preceding 6 clauses in vv. 12 and 13. One person will be both king and priest. This interpretation is in tension with the next sentence, And there will be harmony between the two, since the ...
... (8:1–8) An oracle of salvation for the country (8:9–13) D' The ancestors were punished (8:14–15) C' What the Lord wants (8:16–17) B' About fasts—what the Lord says (8:18–19) A' Men coming to Jerusalem (8:20–23) In order to understand the logic of this collection one must also read it from the perspective of the date given in 7:1. Promises that had been partially fulfilled by the fourth year of Darius are renewed for the future by reassigning them to that date. Darius’s fourth year is “now ...
... s prayer defines the way to entreat the Lord, “by turning from our sins and giving attention to your truth” (Dan. 9:13). The second goal will be to seek the LORD Almighty. People who seek the Lord also “pursue righteousness” (Isa. 51:1) and “understand justice” (Prov. 28:5). This is the action of followers of God, not of “seekers” in the contemporary sense. Israel and Judah together will “seek the LORD . . . and bind themselves to the LORD” (Jer. 50:4–5), but these oracles are not just ...
... of what is yet to come with the ultimate establishment of the Lord’s reign and also a fuller description of what conditions will be like in the intervening time. These chapters were a rich source for the NT authors for understanding and portraying Jesus’ triumphal entry and passion. Even following Jesus’ death and resurrection, the church continues to live in an age of fulfillment but not consummation. Like the earlier audiences of the book of Zechariah, Christians wait in hope. The superscription ...
... in Hos. 2:23). The committed relationship between Yahweh and Yahweh’s people is the eschatological hope of this poem. This brief prophecy does not identify the shepherd. He is not called the Suffering Servant or the Davidic messiah. The NT offers a transformed understanding of this passage in light of the ministry of Jesus. Jesus uses the proverbial shepherd saying from verse 7 to warn his disciples that they would be scattered and put to death when he was arrested (Matt. 26:31; Mark 14:27; see also ...
... the book. After hearing this much, Then those who feared the LORD talked with each other. They talked among themselves, just as the larger audience had done in 3:13b. Although Malachi does not quote their words, their identification as Yahweh-fearers provides the key to understanding them. “Those who fear the LORD” is a typical designation in the Psalms for worshippers (e.g., Pss. 22:23; 66:16; 115:9–13). In Malachi it epitomizes the response God desires from the people (1:6, 14; 2:5–7; cf. 3:5). It ...
... ? No one. Sacrifice and suffering are an important part of what it means to be a Christian. That brings us to the second thing we need to see: The promises of Christ are for those who have carried his cross. It is important that we understand this. In Revelation, God’s promises are to a very special group of people, those who have committed themselves totally to Christ’s service. Following Jesus is about committing yourself to a life of service--and sometimes at great cost. Stan Mooneyhan tells a famous ...
... ’t you think her testimony carried more weight because of the kind of person she was? Everyone knew she had a good heart. Everyone knew she was a kind and loving person. Now she had met a God who had set her free from worshiping a lesser god. Do you understand that when we encounter people of other faiths, this is to be our task--we are to be so kind and loving to them, that they see who God really is--He’s like Jesus. And when they learn about Jesus, they are to be turned into evangelists as well ...
... Lucado’s words, “If God had a refrigerator, your picture would be on it. If He had a wallet, your photo would be in it. He sends you flowers every spring and a sunrise every morning . . . Face it, friend. He is crazy about you!” If you understand the truth in those words, know that what God wants from you is simply for you to go out and spread that same love to everyone you encounter. 1. (Multnomah, 1989), pp. 171-173. 2. https://maxlucado.com/read/topical/prayer-a-heavenly-invitation/. 3. (Lulu Press ...
... that one of the most prominent characters in Dr. Seuss books is the "Grinch." Can anyone tell me about the Grinch? (Let someone describe the Grinch.) I understand that the Grinch is a creature who cannot stand the sight of anyone enjoying himself. In fact if the Grinch sees someone enjoying himself it gets so angry it bites itself. You know, anger, and resentment and jealousy are like that. When we get angry at other people, often the ...
... 's Day. Everybody knows what Mother's Day is. We honor our mothers today, don't we? What's the other special event that we celebrate today? That's right. Pentecost. Pentecost is the day the Holy Spirit came upon the church. Understanding the Holy Spirit is a lot more difficult than understanding Mother's Day. So I thought maybe I could describe one thing the Holy Spirit does for us by using this glass of water and this cork. Notice how the cork floats in the water? I've attached something to the bottom ...
... above us, He is so much greater than we are--like we are greater than dogs--that we can't even imagine what He is like. But He, too, would like to talk with us. His problem is to make what He has to say simple enough for us to understand. So He revealed Himself through people just like you and me through the centuries. Then in order to get through even better He revealed Himself through His Son. And the things God said through these people and through His Son were written down in this book. A great Bible ...
... the stage for the long discourse of 6:26–59. The theme of this section is the search for Jesus. Those who searched found him on the other side of the lake, but how he got there remained a mystery to them. If his comings and goings are beyond the understanding even of his true disciples (vv. 16–21), how much more are they beyond the reach of those who seek him for their own purposes? Those who pursue him in unbelief will never find him (cf. 7:34; 8:21). There is a right way and a wrong way to ...
... Pharisees summoned his parents (vv. 18–23), and when that exchange yielded no answers, they called the man in again for a second round of questioning (vv. 24–34). As for the man himself, the more he is asked to repeat his story the more his understanding of Jesus grows. To the bystanders he speaks in noncommittal fashion of a man they call Jesus (v. 11); under formal interrogation he first concludes that Jesus is a prophet (v. 17; cf. 4:19); finally, after harsh cross-examination, he throws back at the ...
... need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners” (Mark 2:17); or “But to those on the outside everything is said in parables so that, ‘they may be ever seeing but never perceiving, and ever hearing but never understanding’ ” (Mark 4:11–12). Jesus is speaking to no one in particular at this point; his words are recorded for the instruction of the reader. But because “the shoe fits,” some of the Pharisees (who up to now have given no evidence of their presence ...
... . If the disciples are known by their love, the world is defined by its hatred—for Jesus first and then for those who belong to him. The root of this hatred is alienation. Jesus is “from above” (3:31), and those who “are of this world” cannot begin to understand him (8:23). Because the disciples did not “come from heaven” as Jesus did (3:13; cf. 6:32–42), it might appear that they, unlike Jesus, in some sense belong to the world. But this is not the case; the fact that Jesus chose them to be ...
... witness against Peter, and it is possible that the story is told, at least in part, from his viewpoint. If this disciple, who was known to the high priest, is the source for the narrative of both the arrest and the interrogation, it is understandable that Malchus, the high priest’s slave, would be named (v. 10) and also that Peter’s third questioner (v. 26) would be identified as Malchus’ relative. The latter identification serves as an ironic link between Peter’s misguided zeal in the garden in ...
... is quoted here, two distinct things are intended, and a distinct fulfillment is found for each: They divided my garments among them … (fulfilled in v. 23a), and cast lots for my clothing (fulfilled in vv. 23b–24). Though the narrator understands perfectly well the nature of poetic parallelism, he takes the opportunity (as any rabbinic Jewish interpreter would do) to extract separate meaning from each part if it fits the historical information he is trying to explain. The same interpretive technique is ...
... that Jesus had to rise from the dead (v. 9; contrast the disciples’ postresurrection faith, based according to 2:22 on “the Scripture and the words that Jesus had spoken”); in Luke’s terms, the beloved disciple’s mind had not yet been opened to understand from scripture that “The Christ will suffer and rise from the dead on the third day” (Luke 24:45–46; cf. 24:25–27). Second, the beloved disciple, unlike Mary and unlike the disciples as a group (cf. vv. 18, 25), had not yet seen the ...
... possibility is that the second half of 3:1 goes closely with the warning of 3:2 and refers to a similar warning given in an earlier letter, now lost (cf. J. H. Michael, ad loc.). On the whole, in spite of some difficulty, it seems best to understand the same things as the call for joy in 2:18 and elsewhere. Additional Notes 3:1 In The New Testament: An American Translation the first clause is rendered: “Now, my brothers, good-bye, and the Lord be with you”; cf. E. J. Goodspeed, Problems of New Testament ...
... would enjoy peace of heart. Jesus, in John 14:27, bequeaths to his disciples “my peace,” which he gives them “not … as the world gives.” So here, the peace that God’s children receive is the peace of God, which transcends all understanding. It “surpasses all imagination” (F. W. Beare); it exceeds all that human wisdom can plan. This peace will “stand garrison” over their hearts and … minds and keep anxiety and other intruders out: it will guard them in Christ Jesus. The peace of God ...