... usual formula in 19:1–2 (cf. 7:28; 11:1; 13:53; 26:1). Chapter 18 reads very much like an early church manual and deals with subjects such as humility (vv. 1–4), responsibility (vv. 5–7), self-renunciation (vv. 8–10), individual care (vv. 11–14), discipline (vv. 15–20), fellowship (vv. 19–20), and forgiveness (vv. 23–35; cf. Barclay, vol. 2, pp. 173–74). 18:10–14 Matthew continues with further instructions about these little ones (childlike believers). It is important that no one treats ...
... it is parallel with “man,” as in Numbers 23:19 (“God is not a man that he should lie, nor a son of man, that he should change his mind”) and Psalm 8:4 (“What is man that you are mindful of him, the son of man that you care for him?”). So, if “son of man” means “human being,” then “one like a son of man” means one who looks like a human being, in this case a heavenly being who looks human. The construction is parallel to those used in describing the first three beasts. The first was ...
... to understand the resurrection was related to their unwillingness to accept such beliefs as the existence of angels. The text from the OT cited by Jesus as proof of the resurrection (v. 26) does not at first seem to support his conclusion very well, but more careful reflection reveals his reasoning. In the passage cited (Exod. 3:6) God declares to Moses that he has appeared to him to bring about the deliverance of Israel from the grasp of the king of Egypt, and the phrase quoted in verse 26 appears not only ...
... When one is enlightened by the message of Jesus (or lights a lamp) one does everything one can to receive more illumination. Therefore, the lamp is placed on a stand to increase the light. Similarly, what had not been known before (what is hidden or concealed) must now be investigated carefully (i.e., be disclosed or brought out into the open). The Lucan warning in v. 18 (see note below) has the same meaning as its counterpart in Mark 4:23–25 and fits into the theme of the whole passage nicely. Listening ...
... after similar sayings found in the OT (see Isa. 40:8; 55:10–11; Ps. 119:89). The saying reassures the people of God not to lose faith, even though the return of Jesus has been delayed. 21:34–38 This part consists of a final warning to be careful (vv. 34–36) and a summarizing statement of Jesus teaching at the temple (vv. 37–38). In vv. 34–35 Jesus warns his followers not to become too involved with the routine of life so as to become distracted and unprepared for that day (see note below) that ...
... regard. Words give expression to the intentions and commitments of the speaker in a way that mere appearances can not; appearances can deceive the one given over to facile judgments. John may well be exhorting his readers to probe more deeply, to listen more carefully to what is said. What appears to have power or to give hope and meaning for human existence, whether embodied in Rome or promoted by the false teachers within the church, is exposed by the gospel as false and powerless for salvation. John’s ...
... go to the Levites. So the clergy is supported, but so is the broader community. Moses and Eleazar carry out these instructions and verses 32–35 list the inventory: 675,000 sheep, 72,000 cattle, 61,000 donkeys and 32,000 women. The carefully described distribution of these resources prefigures the distribution of land to come. The instructions for purification and for distribution of the booty reveal the limits on the war conducted here. The soldiers have been rendered unclean and must be cleansed (vv. 19 ...
... and awe, for our ‘God is a consuming fire.’ ” Also note the emphasis in 1 Corinthians 14:33, “For God is not a God of disorder but of peace.” Perhaps the church could gain in attending to the Manual of Sacrifice. These texts show that care and attention to detail, rather than casualness, are inherent in powerful worship. Wenham uses the image of the actor or musician who practices unceasingly and attends to minute details to give great and lively performances (Leviticus, p. 128). So too the ...
... work is prohibited on this day of a sacred assembly. The feast is not just an event in the tabernacle, but is to be observed in all locations, throughout the generations. Verse 22 ties the festal celebration to justice issues. As the priest is cared for with food from the sacrifices, so here the poor and the alien are cared for with the custom mentioned in chapter 19, of leaving the gleanings and the ripe crops near the edge of the field for them. Here the custom is linked with the harvest festivals.
... everlasting contempt” (Dan. 12:2). There is no rationale given for this radically new understanding of life after death, and of course, we would not expect one since the author is presenting this as a vision that comes to Daniel, not as a theology developed through careful thinking. Nevertheless, there is a context for this belief in resurrection, and even if we accept that it comes by divine revelation, we might want to ask why God chose to make it known at this time. It seems to be a matter of theodicy ...
... The narrator’s interest is not in the medical particulars of the case (except for the duration of the man’s condition) but in the cure—and, even more, its consequences. The irony of the cure is that Jesus bypasses the healing sanctuary that has just been so carefully described and heals the sick man (just as he did the government official’s son) with a spoken word: Get up! Pick up your mat and walk (v. 8; cf. Mark 2:9, 11). The form of this command is what determines the consequences. The sick man ...
... in the field (Matt. 13:36–43). Jesus identifies himself in relation to the Father in verses 1–4, and in relation to the disciples in verses 5–8. The vine or vineyard metaphor is an ancient one for describing the people of Israel under God’s care (cf. Ps. 80:14–18; Isa. 5:1–7). Though the identification with Israel remains implicit and undeveloped (cf. 1:43–51), the metaphor calls attention not only to Jesus himself but to the disciples and their relationship to him. Even in verses 1–4, where ...
James 5:1-6, James 4:13-17, James 5:7-12, James 5:13-20
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... .” Some believe this end refers to the coming of Christ, others that the end refers to the results of Christ’s sufferings. In both these cases Lord must mean “Christ.” Most likely, however, in the context of Job, Lord means “God” and the end is how God cared for Job in Job 42. The term full of compassion is found in the New Testament only here. It is an intensive term created by the early church to express God’s compassion (cf. Rom 8:28ff.). The term is stronger than the word used in the Greek ...
James 5:7-12, James 4:13-17, James 5:1-6, James 5:13-20
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... .” Some believe this end refers to the coming of Christ, others that the end refers to the results of Christ’s sufferings. In both these cases Lord must mean “Christ.” Most likely, however, in the context of Job, Lord means “God” and the end is how God cared for Job in Job 42. The term full of compassion is found in the New Testament only here. It is an intensive term created by the early church to express God’s compassion (cf. Rom 8:28ff.). The term is stronger than the word used in the Greek ...
James 5:13-20, James 4:13-17, James 5:1-6, James 5:7-12
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... .” Some believe this end refers to the coming of Christ, others that the end refers to the results of Christ’s sufferings. In both these cases Lord must mean “Christ.” Most likely, however, in the context of Job, Lord means “God” and the end is how God cared for Job in Job 42. The term full of compassion is found in the New Testament only here. It is an intensive term created by the early church to express God’s compassion (cf. Rom 8:28ff.). The term is stronger than the word used in the Greek ...
... 15; 2 John 7. On confess, see O. Michel, “homologeō,” TDNT, vol. 5, pp. 199–220. 2:1 The Elder uses three different terms for his parentally caring yet authoritative relationship to the readers in his community: teknion, little child (2:1, 12, 28; 3:7, 18; 4:4; 5:21; cf. John 13:33 ... Elder here wants to underscore for his readers is that their sins have been forgiven. The past has been taken care of; they have been cleansed. Forgiven is in the perfect tense, implying an act begun at a specific point in ...
... of the cry matched the reality of the oppression. If the wickedness was as great as the outcry, he would have to wipe out these cities. God’s disposition in this account indicates that judgment is never light or quick, but occurs only after careful deliberation and after being convinced of the character of the people or place to be judged. 18:22–26 At this point two of the messengers continued on to Sodom, while Abraham remained standing before Yahweh. Yahweh waited for Abraham to speak. Abraham did ...
... the people when it was the Lord who should have been exalted. This concisely expresses the conflict between them. Yahweh’s actions in carefully providing shelter for anyone who feared (or trusted) the word of the LORD demonstrates the second purpose of the plague. God’s goal ... only place it did not hail was the land of Goshen, where the Israelites were. The plants and animals under the care of the Lord’s people fared better than those under the oppressive regime. Having Yahweh as one’s God was ...
... the snares of pride (cf. 8:13f.)—such a king will quickly lead the people in the same disastrous directions. History proves the point with depressing regularity, as the Deuteronomistic historians show. 17:18–20 These verses lay one overriding duty on the king: pay careful attention to the law. It is facetious to mock these verses as piously idealistic, since kings had so many other duties to see to in the course of a day. As is so often the case, Deuteronomy mentions only what matters. In this case, it ...
... the snares of pride (cf. 8:13f.)—such a king will quickly lead the people in the same disastrous directions. History proves the point with depressing regularity, as the Deuteronomistic historians show. 17:18–20 These verses lay one overriding duty on the king: pay careful attention to the law. It is facetious to mock these verses as piously idealistic, since kings had so many other duties to see to in the course of a day. As is so often the case, Deuteronomy mentions only what matters. In this case, it ...
... —precisely the Sinai attributes affirmed in this verse. Cf. Knowles, “The Rock.” 32:6 Is he not your Father?: The fatherhood of God is not a NT invention, but has deep roots in the relationship between God and Israel (cf. Exod. 4:22). The imagery of protective care and parental discipline has already been used in Deut. 1:31 and 8:5 (cf. 32:10f.). Here the emphasis is on father as creator (cf. v. 18). Later God’s fatherhood was appealed to as the basis for mercy underjudgment (Isa. 63:16; 64:8). Cf ...
... the superiority of the tribal forces through a ritual. Third, the tribal forces feel encouraged by the victory, including the execution of kings and exposure of their bodies, as instructed by Deuteronomy (Deut. 21:22). At Makkedah Joshua follows herem guidelines carefully in eliminating hostile forces (10:28). He leaves no survivors and executes the king of Jerusalem as was required for the king of Jericho. As at Jericho, the spoils are devoted completely to God and the forces leave no survivors. Everything ...
... him there. A bargain is struck (vv. 52–53): a promise of good behavior (implied) in return for clemency. And so the first chapter of Kings closes with Solomon on the throne and Adonijah dismissed to his house. Additional Notes 1:2 To attend the king and take care of him . . . lie beside him: In view of the likely meaning of vv. 1–4 taken together, it seems that there is a little more to the wording of v. 2 than the NIV, in common with most English translations, permits us to see. A rendering that better ...
... 11). My suggestion is that the singing of this psalm in the presence of the ark would be an expression of the seeking of Yahweh. In order to determine the function of the composite psalm in the Chronicler’s construction, one has to look carefully at the changes and selections made by the writer. Doan and Giles summarize the most important changes concisely, and I take their summary as a point of departure here (Doan and Giles, “Song of Asaph,” pp. 29–43). In 16:13 the Chronicler changed “Abraham ...
... talk! What incredible news! But you know what was so sad? Some people didn't realize that this was an important message. They treated John's message just like junk mail they ignored it and threw it away. So some people didn't care that Jesus had come. They didn't care that He was God's own Son. Those people missed the most important message in the world. We celebrate Christmas because we believe that Jesus' coming is the most important thing that could happen. Let's remember this Christmas to spread this ...