... : We don’t see what we do have simply because we would prefer to have something else. In Paul’s letter to the Ephesians, meanwhile, the apostle observes that “all of us once lived ... in the passions of our flesh, following the desires of flesh and senses.” That is his way of characterizing our former condition, and it seems to be all about the flesh. Such a generalization is not uncommon to Paul (see also, for example, Romans 7 and 8; Galatians 5). Nor is a spirit vs. flesh paradigm unique to ...
... to the Lord (Jesus; cf. v. 21; see notes on 11:20). There was much (essential) human activity, but it was he who added to their number. Additional Notes 2:44 All the believers were together: The phrase that Luke uses here (Gk. epi to auto) has a primarily local sense (it occurs again in 1:15; 2:1, 47; 4:26; 1 Cor. 11:20; 14:23)—“they all met together.” But in view of the stress that Luke lays in these early chapters on the oneness of the believers, it is almost certain that he intended the deeper ...
... to their faith. He was also a eunuch (v. 27). In some contexts this might mean only that he was “an official” (see LXX Gen. 39:1), but here he is called an official and a eunuch, and from this it would appear that eunuch is intended in the literal sense. This being so, the Ethiopian was barred by Jewish law from full participation in their religion, even had he wished to convert (Deut. 23:1; but cf. Isa. 56:3–8), though he may have preferred, like so many others, to remain a God-fearer (see note on 6 ...
... would come to him as God’s command. He had already been told that Peter’s words would lead to salvation (11:14). His salvation, therefore, lay in his obedience. And notice the reference to their being gathered in the presence of God (v. 33). In a sense, this is true of every situation in life, but never more so than when the gospel is being preached. Those who meet in such circumstances do well to remember the company they keep (cf. Matt. 18:20). 10:34–35 This speech is the first recorded preaching ...
... also go to the Gentiles. There was a good response from the Gentiles on this occasion (probably God-fearers for the most part), and all who were appointed for eternal life believed (v. 48). The idea of appointment in this verse is not meant in a restrictive sense. The thought is not of God limiting salvation to the few, but of extending it to the many, in contrast to the exclusiveness of the Jews. And of course this divine choice did not obviate the need for personal faith. Indeed, some take the verb to be ...
... 3:20–21). As Paul states in 1 Thessalonians 4:17, referring to being caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, “And so shall we be with the Lord forever.” In the interim, Paul, along with other believers, is “away from the Lord” in the sense that he does not yet dwell with Christ in heaven. This remains true for Paul even if he has gone on repeated heavenly journeys, for the apostle does not know whether they were in-body or out-of-body experiences (2 Cor. 12:2, 3), and in any case they ...
... did not take this position about women in general (see, e.g., Rom. 16:1–3; Phil. 4:2–3). By saying, “I am not permitting,” Paul focuses particularly on the situation in Ephesus. Such language as this, as well as the “I want” in v. 8, lacks any sense of universal imperative for all situations. This is not to say that he does not see his word as authoritative, but that it simply lacks the thrust of a universal imperative (cf. 1 Cor. 7:25). There are some who see the word authority here to refer to ...
... support from the next phrase. Those who by their good labor gain a good reputation are also those who will have great assurance in their faith in Christ Jesus. The meaning of this last phrase is not entirely clear. The word for great assurance often conveys the sense of having boldness or openness toward others (cf. 2 Cor. 3:12; Phil. 1:20; Philem. 8; cf. also GNB). But the word can also refer to one’s “confidence” before God, as in Ephesians 3:12 (cf. Heb. 10:19, 35). Hence the NIV translates great ...
... the Parchments’: A Note on 2 Timothy iv. 13.” 4:14–15 Lock and Bernard make the suggestion that Alexander opposed Paul in Rome. Thus these verses are seen to belong to vv. 16–18. But since they serve as a clear warning to Timothy, it makes more sense to locate him at the point of Paul’s arrest. 4:16 Much of the debate on this text is related to the double questions of authenticity and a second imprisonment. On these questions, see the Introduction. 4:17 For an analysis of this passage in light of ...
... so much address ad hoc problems in Crete as it does in a more general way call for good works and a lifestyle on the part of Christians that will make the teaching about God our Savior attractive (v. 10). All of this adds to the overall sense of the letter as being less urgent than 1 Timothy and somewhat prophylactic. Christians of both sexes and all ages are urged to consider their conduct, not so much toward one another, but before the world. 2:1 Beginning with the emphatic personal pronoun and the Greek ...
... of another priest of this order of Melchizedek, like Melchizedek. That is, such a one has appeared, and from this fact the point of the argument can now be better understood. 7:16–17 This priest “has become and remains” a priest (this is the sense of the Greek perfect tense) not on the basis of a regulation (lit., “the law of a fleshly commandment”)—that is, concerned with external matters such as bodily descent—but on the basis of an indestructible life. The reference to power in this context ...
... of another priest of this order of Melchizedek, like Melchizedek. That is, such a one has appeared, and from this fact the point of the argument can now be better understood. 7:16–17 This priest “has become and remains” a priest (this is the sense of the Greek perfect tense) not on the basis of a regulation (lit., “the law of a fleshly commandment”)—that is, concerned with external matters such as bodily descent—but on the basis of an indestructible life. The reference to power in this context ...
... moves from there directly to the promise of the forgiveness, using two words sins and lawless acts (the latter, anomia, is probably written by the author on the analogy of the word translated sins, adikia, in 8:12). 10:18 Forgiveness of sins in the sense that Jeremiah prophesied it means that an offering or sacrifice for sin is no longer necessary. For sacrifice (prospherō), see note on 10:5. The word for “forgiveness” (aphesis) occurs in Hebrews only here and in 9:22. See R. Bultmann, TDNT, vol. 1, pp ...
... ten times in 1 Peter and five times in 2 Peter. The transfiguration scene (Matt. 17:2; Mark 9:2–3) understandably made an unforgettable impression upon Peter. See Additional Note on 1 Pet. 1:7. The Greek noun aretē is here (and in 1:5) translated in its primary sense of goodness, moral excellence (“virtue” in KJV). But the word (which occurs in the NT only in Phil. 4:8; 1 Pet. 2:9; 2 Pet. 1:3, 5) develops in meaning. It is treated as a synonym for doxa (glory) in Isa. 42:8, 12 (LXX), and renders the ...
... of the righteous and the wicked which characterizes them; one is constructive, the other destructive. The perverse speech of the wicked is opposed to the wisdom of the righteous. The image in verse 31 is that of a tree and its fruit; hence the tongue is cut out. The sense of verse 32a is that the righteous know what to say and how to say it so as to gain assent (so Meinhold, Sprüche; cf. the NAB). Additional Notes 10:3 The NIV would show the Hb. chiasm if it rendered v. 3b: “the craving of the wicked ...
... with 12:8. The section from 1:2 to 12:8 is thus the main body of the work. Of the eight words in the Hebrew of this verse, five are forms of the root hebel, translated meaningless in the NIV. The vocabulary underscores the sense: Qohelet claims that everything is meaningless, and in this verse, nearly everything is. 1:3–11 The opening poem (which some identify rather as stately prose), has stylistic continuities and discontinuities with the rest of the book. Although it is framed with statements about the ...
... are able to swindle the powerless out of their land and their lives by their deceit. And thus the city is full of plunder in the sense that it is full of the results of people robbing one another. The fourth line returns to the first, as victims suggests people who have ... el could mean “cause to wither” or “treat as a fool” just as well as “treat with contempt”; all make sense here, and Nahum’s hearers could pick up all these resonances. All would fit with making the city a spectacle, something ...
... 4:5 is a mistake for “Shechem” (two Syriac manuscripts actually read “Shechem”), but it is not even certain that a town existed on the site of Shechem in Jesus’ time. The movements in the story back and forth between the well and the town make more sense if the distance is one kilometer than if it is only the 250 feet or so that today separate the Well of Jacob (as it is still known) from Tell Balatah (the excavations of Shechem by Ernst Sellin and, later, G. Ernest Wright). The woman may have ...
... glory of God and the glory of the Son of Man are interrelated. God will glorify the Son of Man in relation to himself, that is, not with a display of outward splendor, but simply by reuniting Jesus to himself in the cross and resurrection. There is a sense of imminency in all this. The glorification of the Son of Man in death will take place at once (cf. “What you are about to do, do quickly” v. 27). Jesus adds, My children, I will be with you only a little longer (Gr.: eti mikron), and speaks bluntly ...
... Additional Notes 4:14 It was good of you: Gk. kalōs epoiēsate, “you did well.” Cf. Acts 10:33, kalōs epoiēsas paragenomenos, “it was good of you to come” (NIV) or “thank you for coming.” As in the past tense kalōs poiein conveys the sense of “thank you,” so in the future it expresses a request: “please” (as in 3 John 6, “You will do well, kalōs poiēseis, to send them on their way”). 4:15 You Philippians: the vocative Philippēsioi has a form based on Latin Philippenses, as was ...
... Paul does in 1 Corinthians and in Colossians. 2:24 Both 1 John 5:20 and John 17:21 speak to “being in” (einai en) the Father and the Son. This is the only passage which speaks of “abiding in” (menein en) both persons. The two senses are equivalent. See the comment on 1 John 2:6, 10 for discussion of the Johannine concept of “abiding,” and Malatesta, Interiority, passim. 2:25 Some scholars understand the he in this verse as Jesus (Smalley, Brown), or both Jesus and the Father (Houlden, Epistles ...
... , e.g., 2:10–22). In 13:2–13, Isaiah pictures it happening before people’s eyes. The portrayal recalls the vivid picture of the Assyrian army’s advance in 10:28–32. We have been told that the oracle concerns Babylon (v. 1), but in what sense? Verses 2–13 do not name anyone. Is Babylon the destroyer, like Assyria in chapter 10, or is it the victim? If the former, is the victim again Judah, so that this is another frightening account of attack on Jerusalem? Or is the victim Assyria, receiving its ...
... in the subsequent description of the way Yahweh lifted them up and carried them in the past. In doing that, God was like a parent (v. 9), though also like an eagle (Exod. 19:4; Deut. 32:10–13). 63:10–11a Here arises a “but,” in a sense a double one, or even a triple one. On the people’s part there was the falsehood that Yahweh was not expecting. They rebelled. This is the first “but.” To judge from what follows, the prophet refers not to a particular moment such as those instances of rebellion ...
... “joint heirs of the grace of life” (1 Pet. 3:7). This equality before God and equal rights in marriage were a major step forward among the new covenant people. (2) God never intended for any marriage to be dissolved. In fact, marriage is a “covenant” in the sense that it is established before God, and in the relationship God is the senior member of the partnership. Paul takes a similar view (Rom. 7:1–3; 1 Cor. 7:10–11), saying that God wants marriage to last as long as the spouses live, and in ...
... a fish to be caught in order to be killed and eaten. But the Greek verb used here for “to fish” (z?gre?) more literally means “to capture alive.” Jesus’s choice of this metaphor is suggested by Simon’s actual occupation, but the sense is presumably that just as Jesus is now summoning Simon to follow him, so Simon in turn will bring others to share in the blessings of salvation. Catching fish is a skill requiring training, experience, and patience, and so is evangelism. 5:11 they . . . left ...