... rather than to use both hands in a manner designed to catch the attention of others, p. 102.) God will see the kindness and provide the proper reward at the proper time. Additional Notes 6:1 Reward: God’s rewards express his character. They are an integral part of his covenantal relationship and therefore are affected by human obedience. The doctrine of rewards was sometimes misunderstood to imply automatic material return for righteous acts and inevitable suffering for sin. 6:2 Hypocrites: For a milder ...
... it to Thaddaeus (meaning “warmhearted”). The NIV’s Simon the Zealot interprets the Greek simōn ho kananaios (“Simon the Cananaean”), not in a geographical sense, but as derived from a Hebrew root meaning “zealous.” Whether this described his energetic character or referred to a former relationship with the Zealot party is uncertain. If Judas Iscariot means “Judas, man of Kerioth” he would be the only non-Galilean among the disciples. But “Kerioth” is of uncertain derivation. It is ...
... .” This remarkable verse expresses that evil and pain is never the will of God, but God can take evil and pain and use it for good. Over and over again in life we see this. When evil attacks with pain, God uses it to build character. When evil shows resistance, God uses it to build strength. When evil cripples with tragedy, God finds a way to victory. When evil destroys with death, God restores life. God is in the transformation business. Message: God can turn our trouble into triumph! God can redeem ...
... , it would not have produced any long-term happiness. It is when we return good for evil that we show whose people we are. There is a stunning picture of forgiveness in The Great Hunger (Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing Co., 2004) by Johan Bojer. The lead character, Peer Holm, had a rude and crude neighbor with a vicious dog. One day, even though Peer pleaded with the neighbor to keep the dog chained to no avail, the huge beast attacked and killed Peer's small daughter. The dog was killed by the ...
... being cast to play heavies, told Tracy that he was leaving for New York to do the part. Years later Borgnine recounted on a television talk show that Spencer Tracy thought this would be a big mistake and Borgnine should be content to be making a good living as a character actor. "You're gonna make a little black-and-white film," he lectured Borgnine, "no one's ever gonna hear of it, you're gonna think you're a star, and you're not gonna be a star." "Spence," Borgnine told him, "if I don't try it now, I ...
... so often in conflict with the Pharisees, we are apt to think of them as enemies of the good. Nothing could be further from the truth. They were pillars of the community, ardent patriots, and respected in the community as citizens of highest character. The Pharisees probably got their name from a word meaning "separated." They took the laws of Moses and the religion of Israel very seriously. In attempting to fulfill what they felt were the requirements of their religion, their lives became very complicated ...
... Mark first describes Jesus by titles that summarize for the author the proper significance of Jesus and then links him with Old Testament prophetic themes and with the historical figure John the Baptist. It is interesting that, although Mark presents the human characters in his story, even the disciples, as largely unable to perceive properly who Jesus really is until his resurrection, the reader is given in the opening line the titles that prove to be Mark’s favorite terms for communicating Jesus’ true ...
... that she is a sinner. The Pharisee assumes that Jesus, as a holy man not wishing to be defiled, would shrink back from her and perhaps order her away. It can only be, so he reasons, that Jesus must not be aware of the true character of the woman (see note below). He concludes, then, that this Galilean preacher may not be a prophet after all. Jesus’ response evidences his prophetic capacity, for he has perceived his host’s thoughts. Simon’s address to Jesus as teacher may indicate newly found respect ...
... Mark, however, Luke describes only one demon-possessed man and not two, as does Matthew (8:28). This story is certainly the strangest episode in the Synoptic tradition (with the possible exception of Matt. 27:52–53). The setting, the principal characters, and the grotesque outcome create an eerie atmosphere. Jesus and his disciples enter the predominantly Gentile region of the Gerasenes (see note below), where they are encountered by a demon-possessed man (probably a Gentile) who was unclothed and who ...
... to J. T. Sanders’s proposal is that it is not at all clear why polemic against the Pharisees should not be traced back to Jesus himself in this instance. Indeed, the parable actually places the Pharisees (assuming that they are alluded to in the character of the older son) in a rather surprisingly positive light. It is true that the older son expresses dismay over the joyous reception of his younger brother, but the consoling words of his father in vv. 31–32 imply that the older son has a place ...
... before others.” Such “uprightness” would include ostentatious almsgiving, prayer, and fasting (see Matt. 6:1–18). God knows your hearts: In the Bible the “heart” is the seat of one’s emotions, desires, and loyalty. The heart reveals a person’s character. So when the Bible says that God knows the heart, it means that God knows what a person really is like, what he or she really thinks. detestable in God’s sight: The language is actually much stronger: “an abomination before God ...
... idea with which Matthew (2:23) was apparently familiar. 18:38 Son of David: That Jesus is a physical descendant of David has already been made clear to Luke’s readers in the genealogy (3:31), though I doubt if the evangelist thought that the characters in his story knew of it. The blind man’s knowledge of Jesus’ Davidic connection would stem from rumors of Jesus’ messianic status. That the designation “Son of David” is to be understood messianically is also apparent in 1:27, 31–33 (and see 2 ...
... OF THE JEWS John 19:19–20: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS (written in Aramaic, Latin, and Greek) Slavonic Josephus [… at one of the gates leading into the temple] with inscriptions hung a … tablet with inscription in these [Greek, Roman, and Jewish] characters, to the effect: Jesus has not reigned as king; he has been crucified by the Jews because he proclaimed the destruction of the city and the laying waste of the temple (from the Slavonic version of War 5.5.2 [5.190–200, LCL]). 23:43 ...
... that Jesus, like David, faced opposition from his own people, and, like David, entrusts his spirit to God (see Fitzmyer, p. 1519). 23:47 praised [or “glorified”] God: Luke has added this idea, which is in keeping with his wider concern to portray his characters as praising and glorifying God (see 2:20; 5:26; 13:13; 17:15–16; 18:43; Acts 4:21; 11:18; 21:20). righteous: Tiede (p. 425) suggests that the centurion’s confession that Jesus was “righteous” may have had christological implications (see ...
... , means “holiness,” “consecration,” or “sanctification.” It was a moral term, in which, according to several OT passages (Lev. 11:44–45; Deut. 7:6; 26:19), God laid claim to the believer as his “treasured possession” and transformed the character of the believer so as to share in God’s likeness. Here Paul expressly links justification and sanctification as righteousness leading to holiness. The debate whether Paul intends a process of sanctification or an end result is ultimately an ...
... ; neither is it his pleasure to keep them guessing whether or not they belong to him. God has sent his Spirit into the heart of each believer and each community of faith to produce an inner conviction based upon demonstrable change in character and conduct, reassuring Christians of God’s sovereign and irrevocable love for them, thus freeing them for praise, witness, and service. Verses 9, 10, and 11 all contain a condition prefaced by if (protasis), followed by “then” (apodosis). The purpose of these ...
... mind is thus the discipled mind, and the discipled mind must be a discerning mind which approves what is good, pleasing and perfect. The will of God is good because it is morally right, it is pleasing because it is acceptable and agreeable to his character, and it is perfect because it promotes his saving will for humanity. 12:3 In a somewhat abrupt transition Paul now reminds believers on the basis of his apostolic authority (by the grace given me) that the first rule of the new life, both personally ...
... of verse 5 for Paul’s argument ought not be overlooked. He counsels submission on the basis of possible punishment and conscience. Franz Leenhardt draws an important conclusion from this: It is significant that Paul has brought out in this connection the positive character of obedience, because such a point of view at the same time implies the limits of obedience. If obedience is a matter of conscience, then it is no longer servile; when conscience is introduced as the motive of obedience, the latter can ...
... in the direction he leads, as opposed to any other, and, as the Greek says in verse 13, “walking honorably.” The idea that “the clothes make the person” is a theological truism in this instance, for in “putting on Christ” believers discover that Christ’s character and behavior become their own. This far exceeds mere morality, important as that is. It means claiming Christ’s identity as our identity, his way in the world as our way, and his promise of the future as our path in the present ...
This first major segment of the body of Paul’s letter forms a coherent reflection on the specific situation in Corinth in relation to and in the light of basic matters of Christian belief. Paul examines and explains the character of the gospel itself, so that the Corinthians are directed to evaluate their situation in the light of the gospel of God’s saving work in Jesus Christ and the implication of God’s work for their lives. Paul argues against understanding the gospel as a kind of mysterious ...
... violate the covenant are re-imaged by Paul as a critique of wisdom, power, and wealth that impede God’s saving acts in Jesus Christ” (p. 267). Paul’s Apostolic Ministry and Message Paul focuses in this section of the letter on the character and rationale of his apostolic message and ministry. His comments come in two complex sentences: First, verses 1–2 elucidate the continuity between the form and content or the shape and substance of the apostle’s preaching. Second, verses 3–5 demonstrate the ...
... in Gk. is synanamignysthai, a vivid piece of vocabulary that indicates “mingling” or “mixing” with someone or something. Paul is referring not to casual associations or chance encounters but to regular and prolonged contact or interaction. Given the vivacious character of Paul’s words, perhaps modern translations would do well to paraphrase the verb partially as “to hang around with.” 5:10–11 The references in these verses anticipate the more extensive listing that follows shortly in 1 Cor ...
... swindlers, and so forth. Paul’s true concern is to remind the Corinthians of their pre-Christian pasts, as becomes clear in the following lines. 6:11 This verse is the most important statement in this section. From a frank recognition of the character of some of the Corinthians before their conversion, Paul elaborates why they now are, and in turn ought to be, different. They are washed, sanctified, and justified. These terms do not aim at delineating various states of grace or various stages of Christian ...
... between W. O. Walker Jr. (“1 Corinthians 11:2–16 and Paul’s Views Regarding Women,” JBL 94 [1975], pp. 94–110), who argues that 11:2–16 is an interpolation into Paul’s correspondence, and J. Murphy-O’Connor (“The Non-Pauline Character of 1 Corinthians 11:2–16” JBL 95 [1976], pp. 615–21), who critiques Walker and argues for Pauline authorship. 11:2 Conzelmann (1 Corinthians, p. 182) wisely points to the “content of the commendation” as the point of continuity between 11:1 and ...
... s references to gifts are illustrative, not exhaustive. Moreover, one should note that the lists are remarkable combinations of forms of service and functions in the life of the early church. Everyone and everything mentioned are assumed to be charismatic in character, not static in the sense of possessing status, office, or power. Paul’s conviction and contention is that the Spirit endows believers—as God pleases—with various gifts of grace for the good of the entire church. Nevertheless, the items ...