Dictionary: Rest
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Mark 1:21-28
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
In his typically succinct style, Mark follows Jesus' pronouncement of the Kingdom of God, and the calling of the first disciples, with an immediate and bold demonstration of Jesus' power and authority. Jesus goes directly to the established center of faith in an observant Jew's life - teaching and exhorting the Torah during Sabbath synagogue services. What concerns the gospel writer here is not the content of Jesus' message. We are told nothing about what Jesus said or what texts he read. For Mark the ...

Mark 8:31-38
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
Mark's gospel begins by focusing on Jesus' power and authority. It is full of wonder-working displays of God's vital presence in the midst of Jesus' early "hometown" work in Galilee. This week's gospel text changes both the direction and the message of Mark's record. Jesus turns himself and his disciples away from Galilee and faces them towards Jerusalem. As the first leg of their travels takes them to Caesarea Philippi, Mark's portrayal of Jesus also shifts. Three different times on this trip (recorded in ...

Isaiah 50:4-9a
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
From the Service of the Word we take our First Testament text for this week. Isaiah 50:4-9a is the third in the series of four "servant songs" attributed to the work of Second Isaiah (chapters 40-55). Much of Second Isaiah's soaring elegant poetry speaks optimistically of a return from Babylon for the exiled Israel. Probably composed around 547, Second Isaiah and the exiled Israelites both took encouragement from the rising strength of Persia under the powerful rule of its new king, Cyrus. The four servant ...

Acts 4:32-35
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
The Book of Acts, Christianity's first book of church history, has variously been interpreted as an attempt to validate early Christianity as a viable religion in the eyes of Rome (Ernst Haenchen), as a salve to heal the internecine chafing between followers of Peter and Paul (F.C. Baur), and as the Christian community's theological response to an increasingly elusive eschaton (Hans Conzelman). More recently, William H. Willimon has suggested abandoning these defensive motivations behind the work of Acts ...

Mark 9:38-50
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
The week's gospel text is part of a series of seminars in discipleship Jesus holds for his twelve apostles during their final expedition to Galilee. Jesus' teachings surprise in several ways. Earlier during their travels in this region the disciples had twice failed to comprehend Jesus. When Jesus foretells his impending death and resurrection (vs.30), the disciples are so confused that they are too embarrassed to even ask him to clarify his words. Adding insult to injury, these men then begin arguing over ...

Genesis 2:18-24
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
It is ironic that this week's Old Testament text has often been cited as evidence for the pre-eminence of male over female. Feminist biblical scholars have even tended to shy away from this "second" creation story, preferring to concentrate on the more equitable-sounding simultaneous creation of male and female recorded by the priestly writer in Genesis 1:27. But the absorbing and quixotic tale told by the less linear Jahwist author (whom Harold Bloom in The Book of J [1989] argues was a woman) actually ...

Luke 19:28-40
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
Luke is the journeying Gospel. Jesus' progression towards Jerusalem, begun back in chapter 10, is finally accomplished here in chapter 19. Still it is a three-step process to get Jesus ensconced in the city. In the first stage, which we read for this week's Service of the Palms, Jesus actually enters the city limits. Next Jesus pauses to look out over Jerusalem and allows his love for this city to burst forth into tears and lamentations. Finally, Jesus reclaims a portion of this holy city, no less than the ...

Galatians 6:7-18
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
As he approaches the end of his letter to the Galatians, Paul rings a warning bell...Freedom from the law means each believer takes on responsibility for his or her actions. The gift of Jesus Christ is free, but not cheap - and individual actions continue to have significant repercussions. In verse 7 Galatians inclined towards libertine behavior are warned with the proverbial "God is not mocked." Since the term translated here as "mocked" is not a usual part of Paul's vocabulary, we may assume that this ...

2 Kings 5:1-15ab
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
This week's Old Testament text tells the powerful yet little celebrated story of Naaman and Elisha. Elisha we already know as Elijah's divinely appointed successor, a performer of astounding miracles and a prophet of great power. Naaman is only introduced to us here in chapter 5. But in just one verse we know both the height and the depth, the length and breadth of Naaman's being. Naaman is a warrior, a commander, even the Lord's chosen victor. But the facet of Naaman's character that most defines him is ...

Hebrews 11:1-3, 8-19
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
In Hebrews chapter 11 we find a well-organized, thematic discussion of faith sandwiched between 10:36's recognition that we need endurance and 12:1's exhortation that we practice endurance. Chapter 11 serves as the author's prescription for nurturing into full maturity the endurance he expects. Endurance, this chapter illustrates, is built upon a firm foundation of faith - a faith foundation that reaches down through the ages from the faithfulness of the patriarchs, matriarchs and martyrs to us today. The ...

Philemon 1:1-20
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
If Paul's words still have persuasive power for us today, consider how helpless poor Philemon must have been when faced with a personal letter from the apostle who had been responsible for his own conversion. The canonical letter to Philemon aptly demonstrates Paul's mastery of this communication form, leaving us little doubt about the outcome of this thorny situation. At the outset Paul reminds Philemon that he is part of a "beloved" community, a community identified by its love for one another. Paul not ...

Luke 16:1-13
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
One of the most confusing and challenging New Testament parables is the story of the so-called "Dishonest Steward" in Luke 16:1-9. Few parables have been subject to such a myriad of interpretations - all attempts to harmonize the story's surprising end with our traditional moral expectations. The problem remains that after painting the steward with the brush of questionable ethics and untrustworthy behavior, this story concludes with words of praise for the master's fiscal manager. The parable starts ...

2 Timothy 3:14-4:5
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
Paul's words in 3:14-17 erect a strong, protective fence around the first tender shoots of the Christian faith communities. Planting his faith firmly in the rich soil of Scripture and tradition, Paul offers Timothy sure guidelines and positive perimeters as protection against wrong ideas and dangerous theologies. Focusing on the strength and faithfulness that come from tradition and Scripture, Paul urges Timothy to remember the sound teaching he has received from his devoted teachers and family members. ...

Luke 21:5-19
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
Luke's knowledge of Jewish tradition and sensitivity to Jewish expectations adds layers of meaning to this week's Gospel text. In his commentary on Luke's gospel, William Barclay reminds us that there are actually four different end-of-time scenarios adding resonance to Jesus' intimidating statements - that is, four separate eschatological dramas crowded onto one stage (The Gospel of Luke [Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1975], 257-58). The result is a message that fulfills the hopes and fears of both ...

Mark 8:31-38
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
In Mark's orderly account of Jesus' life, today's gospel text introduces a new dimension of the Jesus mission, revealing Jesus and his disciples to be moving along a new and dangerous path. From 1:16 until 8:26 Jesus had traversed Galilee, healing and teaching and preaching the Good News of the kingdom of God. Yet he had done so in relative anonymity. The secret of his messianic identity, clearly revealed at his baptism, was well-guarded only a few unclean spirits had recognized him and called him by name ...

John 20:19-31
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
This week's gospel text contains two complete pericopes, plus a conclusion. Most scholars contend that the conclusion read in 20:30-31 marked the "earliest" ending of John's gospel, with chapter 21 a "later" addition to the text. If this were the case, the resurrected Jesus' first appearance to his disciples (vv.19-25), coupled with his return appearance "a week later" (v.26) before the doubt-ridden Thomas, constitutes the whole of John's original resurrection tradition. Instead of focusing on the popular ...

Acts 8:26-40
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
A host of biblical scholars note that today's reading from Acts 8:26-40 stands as such a complete story in itself that it could be lifted out of the book without causing any discernible interruption in the Lukan text. The story of Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch stands almost wholly on its own. There may be no obvious narrative links between today's pericope and the text that surrounds it. But the story of the Ethiopian eunuch is necessary to balance the scales in two competing arguments presented in the ...

John 15:9-17
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
Today's gospel reading comes from the middle of Jesus' so-called "Farewell Discourse," a lengthy section running from chapters 14 to chapter 17. Within these chapters, there is considerable repetition and parallelism, suggesting that multiple traditions may have been preserved and presented by the gospel author. The most telling evidence for this lies in the conclusion to Jesus' remarks in 14:30-31, an "ending" that appears scrambled in the middle of these chapters, hence Moffatt's "re-orderings" of this ...

1 John 5:9-13
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
The lectionary epistle for today presents only a partial reading of a powerful message that 1 John's text puts before us. The lesson formally begins with verse 9, where the text reflects on the difference between the "human testimony" and the "testimony of God." The greatness of God's testimony has been demonstrated to humanity, 1 John proclaims, by the fact that the Divine has "testified to his Son." But to understand just what "testimony" is being talked about here, we must move back a few verses. Verse ...

Sweet
Leonard Sweet
This reading from John's gospel introduces one of his most intriguing, enigmatic figures Nicodemus. At first glance it appears that Nicodemus will be one of the more well-defined figures of John's text. Elsewhere many anonymous individuals appear and disappear before Jesus without revealing any of their personal biography. But here, John cites Nicodemus' history immediately. His name is clearly stated, and his religious authority is clearly defined: a Pharisee, a "leader of the Jews." But after this ...

Mark 4:26-34
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
Everyone knows the traditional, time-worn but timeless definition of a parable: "an earthly story with a heavenly meaning." That old saw still manages to buzz with the energy of the almost mystical ability Jesus' parables have to invite listeners in and to open their eyes and their hearts. Yet in the first of the two parables read in today's gospel text, Mark 4:26-29, we will see that such a definition may actually lead us away from the central focus of the parable itself. Just what that focus is remains a ...

2 Corinthians 12:2-10
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
The agonies and anxieties inflicted on Paul by the Corinthian church led him to focus fiercely on the most crucial tenets of a Christian's life and faith. The opposition Paul faced, both insidious and confrontative, forced him to take uncomfortable positions and reveal personal and spiritual experiences that he would not normally have exposed for public scrutiny. Today's reading from 2 Corinthians finds Paul in the midst of just such an uncomfortably combative debate with those who opposed his words and ...

Sweet
Leonard Sweet
This week's lengthy gospel text tells the stories of two of the most familiar miracles from Jesus' ministry the feeding of the 5,000 and the walk on water. But here these events come across with a uniquely Johannine flavor the familiar words and images from the synoptic texts are subtly colored and shaded by John in ways that reveal his particular concerns. Of course, John is faithful to the tradition in his narrative, but he uses these two stories to communicate some new thoughts to his readers. John sets ...

Mark 8:27-38
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
As Mark's familiar journeying motif continues in today's gospel lesson, the disciples are about to be taken by Jesus to a place they would never have imagined. The disciples have just witnessed some of the most impressive demonstrations of Jesus' powers. Jesus had fed a crowd of 5,000 on five barley loaves and two fish (Mark 6:30-44). He had walked across water to join his disciples aboard ship (Mark 6:45-52). Further along on their journey, Jesus had healed a Gentile girl who was demon possessed and a man ...

James 3:13-4:3, 7-8a
Sweet
Leonard Sweet
It is evident to many scholars that the epistle of James owes much of its style and focus to Jewish wisdom tradition. In fact, some would term James not as an epistle so much as a unique form of Christian wisdom literature. James' affinity for wisdom sayings and emphasis on the role of wisdom in the Christian life is certainly evident in today's text. Not only is defining wisdom itself the subject of the text, but James' advice focuses on everyday matters and applications yet another sign of traditional ...