... compensation had to come from the Lord. The reward is the same one referred to in 1:12 with respect to the believer’s inheritance. This, however, is not something that the slave earns as a result of faithful service, because the believer’s inheritance is a gift of God. The slave’s motivation is not material gain but “seeking the things that are above,” which, in this case, is service to Christ and the reward that he gives. 3:25 The point of reference in this verse is not clear; does anyone who ...
... , Gal. 6:10, etc. for the same universality). That Paul so prays reminds us that love is a gift of God: he gives both the motive and the model in his own love for us, and he provides the means—the ability to love—by his Spirit. Since God loves everyone (John ... 3:16), his gift of love to us is to the same end. That end (in some measure at least) had been realized in Paul’s own and his ...
... i.e., destruction in relation to the age to come; cf. 4 Macc. 10:15). This is the counterpart of God’s gift of eternal life (zōē aiōnios, life in relation to the age to come; cf. Rom. 2:7; 5:21; 6:22f.; Gal. 6:8). There is a sense of finality ... about both the gift and the punishment. Neither will be revoked (cf. 1 Thess. 5:3). As to what “destruction of the age” means, we are not told except in ...
... you; and it is by following them that Timothy is to fight the good fight. But what are these prophecies? Paul will mention this event in Timothy’s life twice more in these letters. In 4:14 he refers to Timothy’s ministry (apparently) as a “spiritual gift,” and there we also learn that the prophecies were accompanied by the elders’ laying on of hands. In 2 Timothy 1:6, where the concern is with their own personal relationship, Paul narrows the focus to his own laying on of hands. But what precisely ...
... 9 The promised rest, therefore, remains … for the people of God to enjoy. Sabbath-rest comes from a single word that occurs only here in the whole of the Greek Bible. This word suggests God’s own sabbath-rest after creation (v. 4). God’s gift of rest may thus be regarded as the gift of his own rest. To enjoy the blessings of the eschaton is to participate in the sabbath-rest of God. 4:10 By a skillful combination of language drawn from two of the OT passages that have already been quoted (Ps. 95:11 in ...
... Num. 24:5) are said to have been pitched by the Lord. The language is figurative and poetical. 8:3–4 The opening words, every high priest, are exactly the same as in 5:1 where the high priests are described as “appointed … to offer of gifts and sacrifices.” Since it has been already established that Jesus is the high priest spoken of in Psalm 110:4, it is obvious that it was necessary for this one also to have something to offer. Although the author has already indicated what that “something” is ...
... in view. On the other hand, and more compelling, are the facts that in the Greek, as in the NIV, the nearest antecedent to the pronoun whom is Jesus Christ, that Jesus assumes extraordinary importance as the great Shepherd by whose blood the covenant and its gifts are made possible, and that the author assumes the deity of Christ in chap. 1. Thus NIV’s translation seems justified (thus also GNB, NEB, JB). See C. E. B. Cranfield, “Hebrews 13:20–21,” SJT 20 (1967), pp. 437–41; R. Jewett, “Form and ...
... exakolouthein, lit. to follow out (ek), i.e., to the end. These men have left the straight, divinely appointed path of life, and have taken to the way of Balaam—and they are determined to keep on it. Balaam was a hireling prophet who commercialized his gift (Num. 22–24). So, too, these false prophets practice their profession for what they can get out of it. It is possible that they are related to the heretics of Rev. 2:14, since both groups are described as copying Balaam. Balaam figures prominently as ...
... in no doubt as to the man meant. Jude seems content to be distinguished simply as a sibling of the more celebrated figure, just as Andrew seemed happy to be in the shadow of his prominent brother Peter. Both Jude and Andrew had the priceless and rare enough gift of being prepared to play second fiddle. The outstanding James in the early church was the brother of Jesus who was converted after the resurrection (1 Cor. 15:7) and became the leader of the Jerusalem church (Acts 12:17; 15:13). So the sense of the ...
... to the believer are due to the divine mercy, a note struck in the opening prayer (v. 1). God has committed the final judgment to the Lord Jesus Christ (John 5:22), and it is he who will bring you to eternal life, for that life is his gift (John 17:2). It begins in this world, and will be known in all its fullness in the next. 22–23 Having urged his readers to develop their spiritual life, Jude turns to the practical expression of that life in service to others, and in particular toward those who have ...
... and taking of every life. This incident is considered a plague because of the timing of all the deaths at once—one son in each home. Life would go out like the light went out in the plague of darkness. The Creator, who gave life, would remove the gift of living. Even the slave girl, who is at her hand mill (at midnight, probably because it was the only time she had to grind meal for herself) would lose her son. Even the firstborn of the cattle that remained would die. The loud wailing (tseʿaqah) would ...
... have long recognized the echoes of creation in a variety of texts. The Creator was doing something new in directing the building of the tabernacle. The Spirit of God, present at creation (Gen. 1:2) filled Bezalel and the craftsmen who created the tabernacle with creative gifts (Exod. 31:1–11). Israel made the tabernacle, even as God made the world, as a dwelling place for God (Exod. 25:8–9; Ps. 104:1–4). God instructed them to erect the tabernacle on New Year’s Day to underscore this new beginning ...
... for the creation (Gen. 1:31). The NT uses the corresponding Greek word, splanchnizomai, to describe how Jesus was moved to “compassion” when healing the crowds (Mark 1:41). God is gracious (khannun). God’s grace means that the Lord often acts generously, giving gifts freely, without asking for anything in return (see comment on 33:12). God illustrated the meaning of the word in the law against taking collateral for a loan to a poor person: “If you take your neighbor’s cloak as a pledge, return it ...
... list appears also in 1 Chronicles 6. The lesson of the granting of Levitical cities points out that God provides for religious leaders and does so through the generosity of the people of God. Summary: Rest in the Land 21:41–45 Distribution of the land thereby completes God’s gift of the land to the tribes. A summary reports that God has fulfilled all the divine promises to Israel’s ancestors. The people now possess the land and live in it. Rest and victory over their enemies are realities of God’s ...
... of God’s blessing and also missed out on fulfilling God’s calling that they would be a blessing to all the world. We also see here an example of an important principle by which God works: Although God promised them the land as a gift, the Israelites had to take the initiative to secure it for themselves. But along with the promise and the command, God also pledged to be with them to empower and enable them to face even the most difficult—indeed humanly impossible—challenges, and succeed. Additional ...
... day, as was the case also in Nehemiah 8:10, 12. Within the narrative itself, this term is a reminder of the manot that Esther received at the beginning of the story when she first experienced the favor of the king (2:17) prior to the wedding festivities (2:18). Gift giving is a symptom, so to speak, of good times. From a literary point of view, Purim is the climax of all of the feasting (mishtot) in the book of Esther—feasting that began with the king’s generous feast in chapter 1. A two-day holiday is ...
... ). The final strophe describes the fate of the “righteous” and “wicked.” 2:1–4 The repetition of my son is for emphasis. Although the youth is to seek out wisdom (it is hidden treasure, like silver) and expend every effort to find it, wisdom remains paradoxically a divine gift (2:6). At times there is a kind of commingling of the voice of the teacher and the call of wisdom (e.g., 3:13–18 and 8:10–11, 32–35). 2:5–8 The most important result of the pursuit of wisdom will be to understand the ...
... than others. Among these were inheritance laws that could ensure a more or less mechanical transfer. One need only be born in a family of some means. However, certain moves in life were beyond human control. Therefore a truly good wife had to be seen as a (mysterious) gift from God. See 18:22; 31:10–31; Sirach 26:1–4. 19:15 Synonymous, with specification in verse 15b. The deep sleep is the word used of Adam in Genesis 2:21 and the participle appears in Proverbs 10:5. Here it is induced by laziness (cf ...
... in the poem on time is strictly circumscribed when one reads it in connection with the prose reflection. One can still “be happy and do good” (3:12), and even understand the ability to “eat and drink, and find satisfaction” in one’s work as a “gift of God” (3:13). Yet the lack of understanding remains heavy “burden” (3:10). It is not coincidental that the letdown occurs when the role of God is made explicit. It is God who has “set eternity in the hearts of men” but withheld the ability ...
... of the harvest. According to Pentateuchal legislation (Exod. 23:19; Lev. 23:10–14; Num. 18:12–13; Deut. 26:1–11), the firstfruits belong to God for use by the priests. They are not to be eaten by non-priests, but rather given to God as a gift. After all, God provides all the harvest. Indeed, there was a special offering of the firstfruits when the Israelites entered the land for the first time (Deut. 26:1–11), so this metaphor as well as the marriage metaphor May be reminiscent of God’s early ...
... the Israelites have rejected God’s “good” will for their life. First, they have selected their leaders with no thought of whom Yahweh would choose to lead them, verse 4. Those put upon the throne have been singled out for the office by neither the gift of the spirit nor prophetic designation. Rather, the history of Israel’s monarchy has been one of intrigue, deceit, and power-plays (cf. 7:3–7). As Paul states in Romans 13, civil authority has been instituted by God to guarantee good conduct within ...
... , and it is that loving and willing faithfulness to which Joel 2:13 is pointing. God not only is gracious, merciful, patient, and faithful to his covenant, however. He is also free. God’s love for us is never earned, but given only as free and undeserved gift. Joel therefore frames 2:14 in a conditional: It “may” be that God will restore the grain and wine for the sacrifices and thus make it possible for Judah to commune with him once more. Judah is entirely dependent on God’s free grace, as are all ...
... , as did Paul. And we see it finally pictured for us in the death of our Lord on the cross. Evil must die in order for God to reign over all, and our Lord died that death, taking upon himself the destruction that we deserved. On the other hand, the gift of God can be eternal life in Christ Jesus, our risen Lord (Rom. 6:23). And Joel 3:16 gives the foretaste of that glad announcement. God can be a refuge or fortress or stronghold (cf. 2 Cor. 10:4) for repentant people, shielding them from death on the final ...
... its rebellion began and its punishment became inevitable, because those who would save their own lives shall lose them. Therefore Lachish will have to give “going away gifts” to Moresheth-gath (Moresheth Gath), Micah’s hometown, which will fall before the enemy’s advance, verse 14a–b. The word play is with môrāšâ, “farewell gifts,” or perhaps with meʾōrāśâ, “betrothed,” the picture being of the dowry given with a young bride who is leaving her family (Wolff, Micah the Prophet, p ...
... no upright citizen, no one left in all of Judah who practices covenant love (ḥesed) toward God or human beings, verse 2 (see the comment at 6:8). Instead, each person looks only to his or her own interest, violating the code of neighborly consideration. Rulers demand gifts in exchange for their favors, judges ask for bribes, the powerful act only as whim and desire dictate, verse 3. Even the best of them is like a prickly thorn in a thorn hedge that can wound and tear, verse 4a–b (cf. Ezek. 2:6; 28:24 ...