Dictionary: Rest
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Psalm 136:1-26
One Volume
Gary M. Burge
The repeated clause, “His love endures forever,” drives the pace of Psalm 136, building momentum with each subsequent verse. This repetition suggests that everything God does is a result of his never-ending love. An inclusio of thanksgiving (136:1–3, 26) emphasizes the one who is to receive the gratitude of all people—that is, God, who ...

Proberbs 10:1--22:16
One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... gullibility and the need for wise instruction (cf. Prov. 1:4; 7:7) by parents and others. Once launched in the right direction, the child will likely stay on course throughout life. Verse 15, which is linked to 22:5–6 by the verb “stays/drive far from” and the training theme, supports this interpretation. Folly is an innate part of a child’s makeup and must be removed by discipline while the child is still young. The second subsection, addressing the mistreatment of the poor and indicating that some ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... for fuel under a cooking pot (Hebrew hassir, another wordplay), for both soon fade away (Hebrew hebel). Such hard-won insights, unfortunately, are constantly at risk (7:7–10). Oppression (as in Eccles. 4:1; 5:8, contra NIV’s “extortion”) can drive even a wise person mad, while a bribing gift can destroy the core of one’s being (literally “heart”). Perseverance and patience are to be valued over pride (literally “better long of spirit than high of spirit”), hasty and persistent reactions to ...

Isaiah 13:1--14:23
One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... than itself. Babylon’s fall is great (14:11–15). The king is compared to the “morning star, son of the dawn” (14:12). As the morning star is not the sun, which distinguishes day from night, the king of Babylon is not God. However, in Babylon’s drive to rule the world, its pride was unlimited (Dan. 4:30), and it acted as God on earth. In its imperial ambitions it acted no differently than the ancient people who built a city to make a name for themselves (Gen. 11:1–9). Likewise, Babylon’s goal ...

Isaiah 28:1-29
One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... with Assyria, during the reign of Hezekiah. 28:1–29 · This section comes from a time before the fall of Samaria when the enemy of Israel was already on the horizon. Assyria is likened to “a hailstorm and a destructive wind” and “a driving rain and a flooding downpour” (28:2). Imagery of overflowing water is also found in Isaiah 8, where the prophet describes the coming judgment on Israel and Aram. The northern kingdom is likened to a “fading flower” (28:1) because the beautiful and fertile ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... :7). Second Kings 23:6, however, tells us that Josiah (who is pre-Ezekiel) destroyed this idol. This indicates that the abominations Ezekiel sees are not necessarily current ones. He is taken on a voyage into the past. So serious is this that it drives God from his sanctuary. Ezekiel observes the second abomination by looking through a hole in the temple’s wall (8:10). What he sees are pictures of animals scratched on the walls, recalling the zoomorphic religion of the pagans, especially the Egyptians. In ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... royal residence, by my mighty power and for the glory of my majesty?” (4:30). Babylon was indeed a magnificent city: excellent fortifications, beautiful buildings, and hanging gardens. Its magnificence had become proverbial in a short time, and Nebuchadnezzar had been the driving force behind the rejuvenation of this old kingdom. While he had reasons to be proud, in his pride he overstepped the boundary. Suddenly he hears a voice and the decree of judgment. He begins to look like an animal. He eats grass ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... of worship there (4:15; 12:11; Amos 5:5) or to the fact that Saul was anointed king there (1 Sam. 11:15). Thus the terrible thing that God hates could relate to the political or to the religious institution at Gilgal. The punishment is harsh. God will drive these people out because he does not love the rotten fruit they produce. They will have no children and will suffer under God’s curse. Like verse 14, verse 17 ends this example with a prayer that agrees with God’s just decision to cast Israel out of ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... a foretaste of a greater, cosmological judgment of the Lord against his enemies. A drought follows the locust attack, suggesting a relationship between the two. While the connections are not readily apparent, it is possible that the same winds that drive the locust plague also absorb the moisture from the ground. It is also plausible that the drought is simply another manifestation of the Lord’s judgment, or a separate catastrophic event. Nevertheless, drought enhances the dangers of uncontrolled fires (1 ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... 8:20–22; 14:7; 16:6). Amos concludes that it was just for God’s wrath to fall on Edom because the Edomites have had absolutely no mercy on the sons of Jacob, but in great anger repeatedly have allowed the fire of their hatred to drive them to kill their brothers. Consequently, the audience would agree with God’s plan to send the fires of war against the main Edomite city of Teman and destroy the palaces in Bozrah. The last pair of oracles addresses the future of the Ammonites and Moabites, the two ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... so that it does not cost so much grain to fill a bushel basket. These deceptive practices were contrary to God’s requirement (Lev. 19:35–36; Deut. 25:13–15; Prov. 11:1; 16:1). Through dishonest means like these, the merchants were able to drive the poor into bankruptcy or slavery because they could not pay their debts. God, says Amos, will act against the nation of Israel because of this kind of unrighteous activity. Part of the tragedy of this situation is that these devious merchants can hardly wait ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... whether Jesus might be the Messiah (“Son of David”; 12:23), the Pharisees ascribe his power to the prince of demons (as at 9:34). Jesus’s response to this accusation centers on the impossibility of a kingdom warring against itself (so Satan could not drive out demons; 12:25–26). Instead, Jesus’s exorcism of demons is an indication that his power comes from God’s Spirit, a sign that “the kingdom of God has come upon you” (12:28; for the connection of God’s Spirit and final restoration, see ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... role in the Old Testament not only in the wilderness wandering after the Exodus but also in the prophets, as a place of Israel’s refreshment with God and refinement for obedience to his call. Immediately after the baptism, the Spirit literally “drives” (NIV “sent”) Jesus out into the wilderness, like the scapegoat of Leviticus 16:21. The same Spirit that descended on Jesus at the baptism has an appointment for him with God’s adversary to determine whether Jesus will use his divine Sonship ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... imperial images) to acceptable currency in order for Jewish men to pay their half-shekel annual tax (cf. Matt. 17:27). The cacophony of noise and the spirit of commercial self-interest had little to do with the purposes of the season. In response Jesus drives out these merchants with a whip (2:15), but John rightly adds that it is simply made of cord, for genuine weapons were prohibited by the temple police. Again we find here the themes of messianic announcement and replacement. In the Old Testament, the ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... . It is the free decision to give that renders the gift ac-ceptable. Accordingly, one should give joyfully, “according to what one has,” and not attempt out of a sense of zeal or pious duty to give what one “does not have” (8:12). Paul drives home the principle. His “desire” is not to pressure the Corinthians but instead to urge on them a uniquely biblical notion of equality that regards the “plenty” of one as that which exists to supply the “need” of another (8:13–14). The idea is ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... s initial visit caused him to come under obligation to the Galatians. He recalls for them their former touching and sympathetic response (4:15) to his needs and appeals to the strong personal relationship (4:14) to press them to reject those who would attempt to drive a wedge between them and their founder (4:17). He applauds them for their concern to be zealous yet immediately asks them to be very careful to judge if the object of their zeal is worthy (4:17–18). Referring to them as his “children” (4 ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... the competitive values underlying all cultures and all political and economic systems. Behind that worldly system stands the satanic “ruler of the kingdom of the air” (“air” referring to the presumed dwelling place of the spirit world), who even now drives both groups and individuals to disobey God. Among such disobedient people Paul now includes the Jews (2:3). Jews, too, live under the influence of their fleshly, sinful human desires. Existence on earth consists of a continual struggle to satisfy ...

1 Timothy 1:1-11
One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... doctrine promotes the health of the soul. Gospel-centered teaching points us to “the gospel concerning the glory of the blessed God” (1:11), preparing us, as Paul says elsewhere, to take on “an eternal weight of glory” (2 Cor. 4:17 RSV, NASB). The law’s purpose is to drive us to God’s mercy. Paul next uses his own life as an example.

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... two questions (2:14). In the Greek, it is clear that the assumed answer to these questions is no—this faith, the faith that certain people claim to have but that is without deeds, cannot save them from the judgment of God. The illustration in verses 15–16 drives home this point. What good have we done the fellow Christian who lacks the essentials of life if we simply dismiss him or her with words? Not that words are unimportant or that there will not be occasions when words are all we can offer. But the ...

1 Peter 5:1-11, 1 Peter 5:12-14
One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... vertical relationships on the Son of Man, who “did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life” (Mark 10:45). This is the style of leadership that will bring the full realization of the glory known now but in part (5:4). Peter drives this point home beautifully in verse 5 by using the single word “likewise” (NIV “in the same way”). He implies that the young men must be submissive to the “elders” in the same way as the elders are submissive to the young men! On both sides there ...

One Volume
Gary M. Burge
... not love the world or anything in the world” (2:15). Rather than spell out particular sins, however, the elder is content to leave the sins of worldliness general: the desire of the flesh, the desire of the eyes, and pride in wealth (2:16) cover the territory effectively. These drives do not come from the Father but from the world. And the world, along with its desires, is a fleeting reality, not an enduring one. Doing the will of God, however, leads to eternal life (2:17).

Sermon
Maxie Dunnam
... right,” she said. “I’m just going out to be with a friend. Tell them out there that I’m all right.” “I’ll tell them, Grandma,” he said. She closed her eyes and fell asleep, and this young preacher never saw her alive again. Sometimes when he drives by the little cemetery along the country road where she was buried, he stops and thinks about her for awhile and says a prayer—a prayer that she could have said so much better than him. He thanked God for that great woman who trusted God so much ...

Isaiah 60:1-6, Matthew 2:1-12
Sermon
King Duncan
... an answer to prayer. Someone on the ground heard the little plane circling the airport and guessed what the problem was. Immediately he jumped into his car and headed for the airport. Not knowing how to switch on any of the airport’s lights, he settled for driving his car up and down the runway with his lights on high beam showing the pilot the dimensions of the runway. Then he pulled his car off the one end of the runway with his headlights still beaming to guide the pilot to a safe landing. (2) Wouldn ...

John 4:1-26, Romans 5:1-11, Exodus 17:1-7
Sermon
King Duncan
... action. “Don’t worry about it,” turned out to be a terrible bit of advice. (2) There are some things that we should worry about. Jesus saw the money changers in the temple taking advantage of worshippers, and he worried about it to the point of driving them out into the streets. Jesus worried about people who were lost in their sins and he gave his life in our behalf. On another occasion he said, “I have not come to bring peace but a sword.” There are some things that Christians ought to worry ...

Sermon
Robert Leslie Holmes
... caught in the lake. They brought in guest experts to tell them how they should catch one kind of fish or another. Other experts advised them about bait and tackle. They were always on the lookout for new and better ways to catch fish. They sponsored special drives to gain new members who were invited to come and join them in their meetings. They even built a fantastic new building right on the edge of the lake and they erected a sign on it that said "The Fishing Club Headquarters." So they kept on meeting ...