... (atimazō) of their bodies with one another” (Rom. 1:24). So he adds, not in passionate lust like the heathen. Pathos generally has a neutral sense, “experience,” “emotion,” but in the NT it consistently carries the bad sense of “passion,” not a violent emotion as we think of passion but rather as an over-mastering emotion. “It denotes the passive side of a vice” (Morris). Epithymia, though, is concerned with its active side, generally also in a bad sense: desiring what is forbidden. The ...
... church in interparty strife, much less the casual curse of someone with a personal grudge. James points out the inconsistency of such cursing by adding, who have been made in God’s likeness. Although a saying of Jesus forbidding cursing may be his deeper emotional basis (e.g., Luke 6:28), James uses instead this theological argument to drive home the inconsistency of the action. The Old Testament refers to humans as made in God’s likeness (Gen. 1:26), and it uses that fact to argue about the seriousness ...
... as is clear also in 2:19–23); a place with unstable relationships and fragile egos; a place with unresolved crisis. Vashti must be replaced by a “better” queen—one who must prove herself as beautiful, but more diplomatic, in this vortex of circumstances and emotions. The two Jewish heroes of the story enter into a world rich with power and pomp, obsessive about physical beauty, and bound by written law. Historically, the time between the Vashti affair and the choice of a new queen is the four years ...
... and women both suffered in the destruction of Jerusalem. On the other hand, the “man” might be the poet/narrator, who identifies with the suffering people. In any case, whether personification or narrator, the “man” represents the suffering people and articulates their emotions. Even though this is a separate poem, Provan (Lamentations, pp. 80–81) rightly points out that it was never meant to be read separately from the previous two. 3:1 begins with a reference to his wrath rather than “God’s ...
... to treat these Hebrews more favorably since they were sharing treasured foods during a time of scarcity. Furthermore, they were to take double the amount of money, to buy the new grain and to pay back the money that was put in their sacks by mistake. Full of emotion and resolve, Israel commanded them to take Benjamin and go back to the man in Egypt. Then he invoked God Almighty (17:1; 28:3) to grant them mercy before the man so that he would let their other brother, Simeon, and Benjamin come back to Canaan ...
... 12; 11:13; 13:3; 26:16; 30:2, 6, 10). The heart (lēbāb) in Hebrew was not so much the seat of emotions and feelings—as it is in English metaphors—as the seat of the intellect, will, and intention. You think in your heart, and your ... of “a life” that can be taken or lost. But most often it is used to express the whole inner self, with all the emotions, desires, and personal characteristics that make each human being unique. “Bless the LORD, O my nepeš,” sings the Psalmist, who then amplifies his ...
... very common. It was a sign of wealth and prestige and so was something of a perk of royalty (in spite of Deut. 17:17). Bigamy (as defined in this law) may have been more common. The law accepted it, but by pointing out its emotional and economic dangers, possibly offered tacit criticism of the practice. The law reckoned with inevitable favoritism, but acted to prevent it from denying the firstborn son his proper rights. There are, of course, stories in the OT where the order of inheritance was reversed or ...
... this is in large measure why we find the Old Testament so difficult to read. We have to work, reading carefully to infer or deduce why characters do what they do; we must imaginatively insert ourselves into the narrative in order to experience the emotions that the text itself does not express. As we do this work, Ezekiel’s grief becomes all the more poignant for not being stated. We feel the prophet’s suppressed pain. Ezekiel’s refusal to mourn proves to be an extremely effective sign. Stunned ...
... anger (used in John 11:33, 38), and that is possible in light of the indignation of 1:41. But in the context of the compassionate healing touch, it likely refers to a stern charge, as in the NIV. Jesus demanded obedience, with a hint of strong emotion (“See to it that you obey!”). 1:44 See that you don’t tell this to anyone. Jesus’s “strong warning” to keep the miracle quiet is part of the “messianic secret” described in 1:34 (see the sidebar). He does not want the people to degenerate ...
... fickle. Christians need to look to the Lord and his word when it comes to how we view and live marriage. From the perspective of Scripture, marriage is a decision marked by a lifelong covenant, an institution based on commitment and not on emotion. We are to work through the conflicts that inevitably arise. Share resources that the church can provide to couples who are struggling in a period of conflict. Coming to Jesus humbly and openly Poetry: “Invictus,” by William Ernest Henley. British poet William ...
... not final, this was hardly a surprising outcome. The term translated “nonsense” suggests a rather contemptuous response to the women’s supposedly wishful thinking; it was well known that a woman could not be trusted, still less a whole bunch of them in an emotional state! 24:12 Peter, however, got up and ran to the tomb. This verse (absent from some early Western manuscripts but accepted as an original part of Luke by most commentators) seems like a brief reference to the visit spelled out in more ...
... people that moves him to pity their sinful, mortal condition and to show them mercy (Ps. 103:13–14). David appeals to God’s tender love when he confesses his great sin, emphasizing his innate sinfulness and need for spiritual transformation (Ps. 51:1–10). This divine emotion is comparable to the love between blood brothers (Gen. 43:30) or to the love that a parent feels for a child (1 Kings 3:26; cf. Ps. 103:13). Yet God’s compassion for his people surpasses that of a mother for her child (Isa. 49 ...
... will abandon his commitment to Yahweh and will curse him. It is when adversity zeroes in on us personally that we demonstrate the quality of our commitment to God. The pain Job endures as a result of his affliction by the adversary has physical, social, and emotional dimensions. The physical aspects are the most obvious, as his skin is disfigured by sores that cover him from head to toe. Socially, he is consigned to live with the outcasts among the ashes of the city dump, cut off from the honor and esteem ...
... it is the wicked who complain that serving God brings them no gain, although in 9:21–23 he did perceive God as judging the innocent and the wicked identically. Elihu seems to view Job in the most negative light rather than taking into account the emotional trauma from which Job has spoken. 35:4 I would like to reply to you and to your friends with you. On the surface, Elihu appears polite, but once again he assumes the role of the master teacher explaining what he alone understands. With a condescending ...
... ) they were astounded (at what they saw).” 48:6 pain like that of a woman in labor.The noun “pain” describes the would-be enemies of Zion as overcome by labor pains (Isa. 13:8 [NIV: “writhe”]; Jer. 22:23; Mic. 4:9). The sudden change in emotions seems to be the point of the simile. 48:7 like ships of Tarshish.These could be ships from Tarshish bringing their wares, or ships that were seaworthy enough to sail to Tarshish or to sail great distances (Isa. 2:16; see NIV footnote). There seem to ...
... by a spirit of timidity or fear, it causes us to break the 11th commandment. What is the 11th commandment? “A new commandment I give unto you, that you love one another.” (John 13:34). Fear, when it manifests itself as timidity or shyness, can be the most selfish emotion of all. It draws us into a shell and keeps us from showing others the love God has called us to show them. How can you love someone else if you are scared to even speak to them? Listen to me carefully: the person sitting next to you is ...
... on her while in Moab. The oath demonstrates her full assimilation to Elimelek’s family and culture. But it also shows Ruth is “swearing by the true God (rather than some other being who might be designated as ‘god’) . . . reflecting the strength of her emotion and commitment” (Revell, 203). The fact that Ruth willfully becomes an Israelite and embraces the Lord by moving to Judah is somewhat typical of one in the ancient world adopting the god of the land to which they have moved. Her actions are ...
... ” is literally “to give birth.” Verse 3 describes the destruction and repair or construction of a body and a building, as determined by humans. Verse 4 describes opposite moods, which might accompany the preceding actions, in both their emotional (“weep . . . laugh”) and ceremonial (“mourn . . . dance”) expressions. Verse 5 describes the treatment of stones and people in terms of joining and separating. It is unclear what gathering stones refers to, but it must have a negative connotation (as ...
... your abuser and get help and pray that your abuser gets help. The Ripple Effect So many people just don’t understand the ripple effect abuse has on the abused. It is not just the initial physical or sexual pain that occurs, but it is also the emotional wounds that linger and the dysfunction which is created. Did you know that a large percentage of the abused become abusers themselves? I read of one boy whose father threw him down the stairs and broke his arm. When other family members and friends heard of ...
... , their leader became a madman. When he told them to take poison and to give it to their children, more than 900 did so. To love God does not require us to give up the capacity to think. God gave us our minds as well as our emotions, and if we are to be integrated individuals, mind and heart working together must lead us to a common goal. Sir James Jeans, the English astronomer and physicist, found that his studies of the universe led him more and more toward God. "We are discovering," he said, "that ...
... 17:11–12 The final movement begins with a general statement of Job’s pessimistic outlook. His days are rushing to an end, his plans have been shattered, and the desires of his heart (the seat of moral reflection and decision-making, not emotion; see the discussion on 11:13–14 in §38) equally frustrated. By contrast, the attackers keep maintaining that Job can turn his circumstances around by a simple confession of sin. Job’s sarcasm is evident as he characterizes the contradictions implied by their ...
... vindication. Job’s passionate conclusion, “How my heart yearns within me!” leaves no doubt concerning the intensity of his desire. The rather enigmatic Hebrew (lit., “My kidneys are consumed in my bosom”) is either a sign of deep, passionate longing, or of complete emotional exhaustion. The kidneys are the center of deep-seated emotion, while the bosom is the place where one clings to that which is most deeply beloved. This deep desire to see God engages Job such that it consumes his greatest ...
... , enthroned in heaven. He is not only a king—he is the cosmic king. And we are given insight not only into his position but also into his emotions. In response to their defiance, Yahweh experiences the extremes of emotions: laughter (of a scoffing nature) and anger. Again, we must note that these are not presented as his characteristic emotions—he has been provoked. His wrath is only toward unruly rulers. His sole action to this point, though “terrifying,” is to speak: I have installed my King on ...
... often felt toward God while in the midst of hardship, namely complaint (v. 1) and trust (v. 5). We must also note that the praise mentioned in the closing verses is promised, not necessarily actual. The psalm may thus also reflect worshipers’ emotional turmoil and their determination to praise God nonetheless. For the faith reflected in the Psalms, complaint need not indicate a lack of trust, nor does trust make complaint unnecessary. In fact, it is this trust in God that allows for the expression ...
... cf. 68:30, 33). Second, God’s reason for judging was not to defend his mountain but to save all the afflicted of the land. He acts on behalf of the oppressed, not on behalf of sacred space. Emotions play a central role in this narrative. Yahweh’s emotion is anger (vv. 6–7, 10) and the human emotion in response is fear (vv. 7–8, 11–12). 76:11–12 The psalm closes with imperatives addressed apparently to both Israel (the LORD your God) and to all the neighboring lands. Israel is enjoined to present ...