... later in the letter, he has received forty lashes by the Jews and has even been stoned (cf. 11:24, 25). Yet, it is the apostle’s contention that his behavior is evidence of the working of the Holy Spirit in his heart. Indeed, the ministry that he defends is the “ministry of the Spirit” (3:8). 6:11 Paul begins the final section of his apology with a summarizing statement that looks back on everything he has said since 2:14. He attempts to personalize his language by directly addressing the church as ...
... 5:10). If people sow to please their sinful nature the outcome will be destruction. If, however, they sow to please the Spirit, they will reap eternal life. Paul closes by advocating that the key is that as we have opportunity, let us do ... in 1 Cor. (e.g., 1 Cor. 2:13, 15; 12:1; 14:37), where Paul directs his attention to the concerns of a Spirit-filled community. The term restore (katartizete) is used in Hellenistic philosophical literature for the task of the philosopher who is called to restore himself ...
... translated as “force” in the context of reference to forcing Gentiles to live like Jews. 6:14 World almost always means a sphere in need of redemption because it is in opposition to God (see Rom. 11:15). In 1 Cor., for instance, Paul juxtaposes the spirit of the world with the Spirit of God (2:12). 6:15 Paul does not often use the term new creation, but the concept is prevalent throughout his writings. The idea that believers have been given a new life (Gal. 2:19–20; cf. Rom. 6:4–6, 11) is key to ...
... purpose (3:11 = 1:4) access to God (3:12 = 2:12) God the Father (3:14, 15 = 1:17) the Son (3:11, 17 = 1:3, etc.) the Spirit (3:5, 16 = 1:13, 14; 2:22) the fullness of God (3:19 = 1:23) Presenting the Mystery of the Gospel 3:1 As indicated in the ... equal share in what is to become known as the church, the body of Christ (cf. Stott, p. 118). The new revelation was made possible by the Spirit, that is, he is the agent who brought the mystery to light. 3:6 Up to this point the author has alluded to the mystery a ...
James 4:13-17, James 5:1-6, James 5:7-12, James 5:13-20
Understanding Series
Peter H. Davids
... 14:12. The Christian is not called to destroy the world, but to endure its attacks and overcome it by the power of the Spirit. See further U. Falkenroth and C. Brown, “Patience,” NIDNTT, vol. 2, pp. 768–76. Until the Lord’s coming has sometimes been seen ... and national unit had its elders. The early church borrowed this organization; hence Paul appointed elders under the inspiration of the Spirit (Acts 11:30; 14:23; 15:2; 20:17). Later writings indicate the standards for selection of elders and their ...
... out. The Greek for add, epichorēgein, has a vivid history. In the great days of ancient Athens, the plays of dramatists like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides required large and costly choruses. But when such a play was put on, some wealthy public-spirited Athenian defrayed the vast outlay on the chorus—and consequently was known as the chorēgos. The noble productions were extravagantly expensive, but chorēgoi vied with each other in their generosity. So epichorēgein is far richer a term than the ...
... (young, recent). But kainos means new in relation to type (novel, fresh, unused). The NT almost always uses kainos: it is applied to the new commandment (Luke 22:20), Jesus’ new teaching (Mark 1:27), new tongues as a sign of the activity of the Holy Spirit (Mark 16:17 [longer ending]), Jesus’ new commandment (John 13:34), the new creation at conversion (2 Cor. 5:17), a new name and a new song in heaven (Rev. 2:17; 5:9). The home of righteousness translates en hois dikaiosynē katoikei, lit. “in which ...
... Passover. As the Passover celebrates an immanent era of freedom and independence, so the final supper of Jesus before his crucifixion celebrates a new period in the lives of the disciples. Jesus would no longer be present physically to help them. Now the Spirit of Christ will assist them by giving gifts and encouragement. The past was filled with lessons of God’s grace, but new challenges will build the kingdom of God beyond what was possible while Jesus was physically present. That was true in ancient ...
... (2:16, 18) now becomes specified in terms of a particular person, Othniel, the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother. The term “judge” has not yet appeared; it will in verse 10, in the context of the notice that the Spirit of the LORD came upon Othniel. The charismatic endowment of the Holy Spirit was essential for the judge to enable him or her to be capable of delivering the people against those much more numerous and much better equipped than they were. We are not given any details about how the ...
... clothed him,” an expression that signifies, according to Klein, “someone who speaks with prophetic authority” (1 Chronicles, p. 319). Although the Hebrew text does not mention that “the Spirit” was Yahweh’s, one may assume this from the context. In the exclamation uttered by the Spirit-clothed Amasai, the theme of peace is very prominent (unfortunately, this is translated success in the NIV): Peace, peace to you, and peace to those who help you, for your God will help you (my translation). This ...
... well known from the Priestly tradition (e.g., Exod. 25–40 and Lev. 16). The Chronicler did not shy away from juxtaposing materials from the Deuteronomistic and Priestly traditions. 28:12 In the NIV the temple plans are called the plans of all that the Spirit had put in his mind. In the light of 28:19 one may certainly deduce that divine inspiration is meant here. The Chronicler indicates that the strength to build the temple does not derive from human effort but from Yahweh. By translating the Hebrew word ...
... repent and to cleanse themselves of their sin by renouncing and turning from their harlotry with the baals, for they are captive to a spirit of harlotry in their midst (contra NIV: in their heart). As in 4:12 and 4:19, the Israelites have become enslaved to ... the people to turn from their evil ways and to do the good, in obedience to God alone. But if that people is captive to a “spirit of harlotry,” they have no power to turn, and urging them to do so is like urging a prisoner in a cage to decorate his ...
... call upon the Lord in truth, the Lord would not answer them (cf. 3:4; Isa. 1:15; Jer. 11:11). The God of the Bible makes himself available only to whom he will (cf. Isa. 1:15), and it is with the faithful who are humble and contrite in spirit that God chooses to dwell (cf. Isa. 57:15; Ps. 51:17). Because the false prophets and diviners and seers will lose their gifts from God, they will be shamed before the people and will cover their lips (the NIV incorrectly reads faces), verse 7. To cover the upper lip ...
... make this explicit, “the revelation is a witness to the appointed time”). In v. 3b, the NIV’s alternative translation in the margin derives from Heb. 10:37. In Habakkuk, there is no personal antecedent for “he.” 2:4 More literally in v. 4a, “There: his spirit has been swollen [or made heedless or made weak], it is not upright, in him.” The verb ʿafal occurs only here and in Num. 14:44 and its meaning is uncertain. Paul is inspired to give v. 4b a quite different significance when he quotes it ...
... that we might be unified as his body. This is where we draw our strength during times of need, and this is our best way of witnessing to the truth that Christ is alive and at work in the world: “We are one in the Spirit, we are one in the Lord, We are one in the Spirit, we are one in the Lord, And we pray that all unity may one day be restored. They’ll know we are Christians by our love, by our love. Yes, they’ll know we are Christians by our love.” 1. Uncle John’s 24 ...
... my Son, whom I love” (Mark 1:11; cf. the use of “One and Only” in John 1:14, 18; 3:16, 18). Also, the picture of God’s wrath “remaining” on those who reject the Son (v. 36) stands as a grim counterpart to the Spirit “remaining” on Jesus (1:32–33). In the present context, the reflection on the baptism serves two purposes: It summarizes the main theological theme of the chapter (i.e., the alternatives of faith or unbelief), and it anticipates the Christology of the rest of the Gospel. The ...
... less than a new birth. The incident becomes a case study in the experience of which Jesus had told Nicodemus: “No one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again.” “No one can enter the kingdom of God unless he is born of water and the Spirit” (3:3, 5). The blindness of this man, Jesus says, is not the result of someone’s sin but the occasion for God’s work in his life to be displayed. Like the person mentioned in 3:21 who “comes into the light,” the man born blind will demonstrate ...
... marks God’s putting a stop to the forces of destruction and initiating the restoration of the earth. God sent a wind over the earth, and the waters receded. The springs of the deep and the floodgates of the heavens were closed. Just as the Spirit manifest as wind controlled the chaotic waters prior to creation (1:2), so God again employed the wind to drive the waters back to their reservoirs, where they would be securely held. By the seventeenth day of the seventh month the waters had receded sufficiently ...
... God. The word is ’el, the most absolute and dynamic term for God as the holy one who acts in justice (5:16), who is with the people and thereby guarantees their security (8:10; 12:2), who is like a powerful warrior (9:6; 10:21). And God is spirit (ruakh), like the wind that brings burning judgment (4:4), shakes trees (7:2), scorches seas (11:15), drives storms (25:4), and carries off peoples (27:8), or like the inner dynamic that gives both insight and the power to put it into effect (11:2; 28:6) but ...
... through the child spoken of by Isaiah (see Isa. 8:1–4; 9:6–7) (see the sidebar “Matthew’s Use of the Old Testament”). Matthew uses the Isaiah link to emphasize the importance of the naming of Jesus as well as the conception of Jesus by the Holy Spirit (1:20).3 1:25 And he gave him the name Jesus. By obeying the angel’s directive to name Mary’s child (1:20), Joseph becomes Jesus’ father via adoption (cf. Isa. 43:1; Luke 1:60–63).4The importance of the act of naming for the legal status ...
... we can say only that this was an area on the east side of the lake.3 5:2 a man with an impure spirit came. This is the first of several times Jesus goes into a Gentile region (7:24–30, 31–37; 8:1–10). Although Jesus ... of this cosmos, Jesus has authority over every part of it, so his miracles touch every aspect of creation—the power of nature, the spirit world, human illness, and even death itself. Since the Enlightenment it has been common to doubt miracles as a violation of natural law and ...
... Testament often calls him “God” (e.g., Rom. 9:5; Titus 2:13; Heb. 1:8; 2 Pet. 1:1; 1 John 5:20). The Holy Spirit functioned as God in giving salvation (John 3:5, 8), pouring out God’s love (Rom. 5:5), and indwelling the church as the Shekinah, making it ... a temple (1 Cor. 3:16; 6:19). The New Testament is replete with trinitarian passages that equate the Son and the Spirit with the Father as one God (Matt. 28:19; 1 Cor. 12:4–6; 2 Cor. 13:14; Eph. 4:4–6; 1 Pet. 1:2; Jude ...
... or alluded to some thirty-three times. Jesus quotes it not to deny that he is the royal Messiah but rather to clarify that he is much more. Affirming the Davidic origin of the psalm, Jesus stresses that David wrote it under inspiration from the Holy Spirit. Moreover, if David was the author, he could have meant, “The Lord (Yahweh) said to my Lord (the Messiah).”1It is common to think that originally “my Lord” meant the kings of Israel, and that this came to have a messianic thrust by the first ...
... (Judg. 13:2–7); compare also Samuel (1 Sam. 1:11). John’s adherence to this ascetic model was to mark him out in distinction from Jesus, who, as Luke will later note, was known to enjoy eating and drinking wine (7:33–34). 1:17 in the spirit and power of Elijah. The return of Elijah was widely expected in Jewish circles as the prelude to God’s coming to judgment. The angel’s words closely echo the prophecy of Malachi 4:5–6 (cf. Mal. 3:1–5), but whereas Malachi places the primary emphasis ...
... with rich things. The second is empty, but still rigid and proud. The last is both empty and broken by the trials and sorrows of this life. Show your listeners a bottle of olive oil and say it represents gifts and power as conveyed by the Holy Spirit. (1) Pour a little olive oil into the wine-filled glass, comment on how little room there is for God’s gifts, and point out how they won’t mingle with the rich things already there. The gift of God becomes a superficial layer that never penetrates ...