... 2 Corinthians were written in very different situations. As we have seen on 1:13–14 and 2:5, however, Paul seems to divide the congregation into at least two subgroups: the part that has already understood him and the other that he hopes will eventually understand (1:13–14); or the part that carried out Paul’s directive to punish the offender and the other that was grieved by this punitive action (2:5). Paul explicitly mentions “factions” in the latter section of the letter (12:20; cf. 10:2). We ...
... and in the days of the prophets (Isa. 6:9–10), Israel continues to remain so under the old covenant in Paul’s day as well (cf. Rom. 11:25; also Acts 28:26–27). As I have tried to show elsewhere, Deuteronomic tradition is crucial to understanding the apostle’s view of Israel in relationship to the law. Paul’s exilic perspective is similar to that found in Hekhalot Rabbati, which considers that Israel’s “heart has been closed since the exiles, and the words of the Torah were hard like copper and ...
... the more liberal school of Hillel extended it to include anything the husband deemed displeasing. See IBD, vol. 2, pp. 957–58. Considerate is lit. “according to knowledge,” i.e., getting to know her needs and feelings, and acting in a courteous and understanding way as a result; cf. Eph. 5:25; 1 Thess. 4:4. Treat … with respect (aponemontes timēn, apportioning honor): The verb occurs in the NT only here; cf. Prov. 31:29. Weaker refers to physical strength, not to intellectual powers, moral courage ...
... ’s settlement, but the comparison is explicitly drawn: other nations had conquered and settled just as Israel did in the land the LORD gave them as their possession (v. 12). More theology is tucked into these obscure notes than the NIV’s understandable use of parentheses might suggest—some of it explicit, some latent. First, these notes unambiguously assert Yahweh’s multinational sovereignty. The same God who had declared to Pharaoh that the whole earth belonged to God (Exod. 9:14, 16, 29) had been ...
... for God that in Deuteronomy is used only in the prayers of Moses, for himself here and for the people in 9:26. He calls himself your servant—the privileged title that Moses shared with only a few people in the OT. He has a long-term understanding of God’s will and purpose, such that he can look back over the incredible acts of God in two generations and realize that they were only “the beginning” of God’s greatness (rather like the way Luke can describe his gospel as merely what Jesus “began ...
... witness, was to recognize and express this final truth within the parameters of an undiluted commitment to the dynamic monotheism of Israel’s own faith as affirmed here. The missiological urgency of the interfaith debate must be grounded in a fully biblical understanding of the uniqueness of God’s saving work in history, which means starting with the affirmation of this and similar OT texts and not with a Jesus severed from his scriptural and historical roots. For this same reason, Christians are not at ...
... when God made various responses. But these are almost certainly due to the nature of this account as a recollection aimed at highlighting the significant theological point of the story, rather than to a confusion of sources and a complex redactional history. It greatly assists understanding of the Deuteronomy text to read Exodus 32–34 in full first. The main focus of 9:9–14, and continuing to verse 21, lies in the words of God to Moses in verses 12–14. The first of three striking features is the way ...
... last three around the Jerusalem-born Solomon is a commitment to the present in contrast to the past—a commitment to a kingdom in which Jerusalem is centrally important and the northern tribes are more likely to play their full part than if they were under Adonijah. We must understand the events of 1 Kings 1–2, in other words, in the light of the Judah-Israel tensions already evident in Samuel (e.g., 2 Sam. 20) and soon to explode into schism again in 1 Kings 12 (cf., in particular, 2 Sam. 20:1 and 1 Kgs ...
... in such a way by the NIV. Thus far in the narrative of 1 Kings, for example, it has been rendered as “child/boy” (3:7; 11:17; 14:3, 17), “young man” (11:28), or “servant” (18:43; 19:3). It seems more likely, then, that we are to understand naʿar here as a reference to “servants” in a very generalized sense, taking our lead from 1 Sam. 17:33, where the contrast (in a narrative where the theme is also that “the battle is the LORD’s,” 17:47) is between the young, untrained David (naʿar ...
... in such a way by the NIV. Thus far in the narrative of 1 Kings, for example, it has been rendered as “child/boy” (3:7; 11:17; 14:3, 17), “young man” (11:28), or “servant” (18:43; 19:3). It seems more likely, then, that we are to understand naʿar here as a reference to “servants” in a very generalized sense, taking our lead from 1 Sam. 17:33, where the contrast (in a narrative where the theme is also that “the battle is the LORD’s,” 17:47) is between the young, untrained David (naʿar ...
... these texts that the authors of Kings thought leḇôʾ ḥamāṯ lay much further north than most modern commentators do. Jonah son of Amittai: That Jonah was a prophet of salvation similar to Elisha is crucial to the understanding of the book of Jonah, where he is presented as somewhat reluctant to understand his role in its broadest terms—as mediating salvation to the nations, as well as to Israel (contrast 2 Kgs. 5). He was not, of course, the only prophet active during this period, and his was not ...
... these texts that the authors of Kings thought leḇôʾ ḥamāṯ lay much further north than most modern commentators do. Jonah son of Amittai: That Jonah was a prophet of salvation similar to Elisha is crucial to the understanding of the book of Jonah, where he is presented as somewhat reluctant to understand his role in its broadest terms—as mediating salvation to the nations, as well as to Israel (contrast 2 Kgs. 5). He was not, of course, the only prophet active during this period, and his was not ...
... to be asked, however, whether such a translation fits the context. There has been no suggestion so far that Israel’s apostasy was meant to be, or succeeded in being, a secret from anyone. If the connection with ḥph is correct, then it might be better to understand the verb in the sense of “to overlay” that ḥph has in 2 Chron. 3:5–9. That is also a context in which preparations for worship are described; various parts of the Solomonic temple are overlaid with gold. 2 Kgs. 17:9 would refer, then ...
... to be asked, however, whether such a translation fits the context. There has been no suggestion so far that Israel’s apostasy was meant to be, or succeeded in being, a secret from anyone. If the connection with ḥph is correct, then it might be better to understand the verb in the sense of “to overlay” that ḥph has in 2 Chron. 3:5–9. That is also a context in which preparations for worship are described; various parts of the Solomonic temple are overlaid with gold. 2 Kgs. 17:9 would refer, then ...
... , p. 65. 1:27 The phrase Abram (that is . . .) might be an addition by a later hand. The original Hebrew text probably just had Abraham (like the Septuagint). A later reader probably felt uncomfortable that the patriarch was called by his covenant name here, understandably so in light of the source text in Gen. 11:26, which has “Abram.” It might also be the Chronicler’s way to make the transition from those texts in Genesis that use Abram to those using the covenant name Abraham. From 1 Chron ...
... , p. 65. 1:27 The phrase Abram (that is . . .) might be an addition by a later hand. The original Hebrew text probably just had Abraham (like the Septuagint). A later reader probably felt uncomfortable that the patriarch was called by his covenant name here, understandably so in light of the source text in Gen. 11:26, which has “Abram.” It might also be the Chronicler’s way to make the transition from those texts in Genesis that use Abram to those using the covenant name Abraham. From 1 Chron ...
... , p. 65. 1:27 The phrase Abram (that is . . .) might be an addition by a later hand. The original Hebrew text probably just had Abraham (like the Septuagint). A later reader probably felt uncomfortable that the patriarch was called by his covenant name here, understandably so in light of the source text in Gen. 11:26, which has “Abram.” It might also be the Chronicler’s way to make the transition from those texts in Genesis that use Abram to those using the covenant name Abraham. From 1 Chron ...
... , p. 65. 1:27 The phrase Abram (that is . . .) might be an addition by a later hand. The original Hebrew text probably just had Abraham (like the Septuagint). A later reader probably felt uncomfortable that the patriarch was called by his covenant name here, understandably so in light of the source text in Gen. 11:26, which has “Abram.” It might also be the Chronicler’s way to make the transition from those texts in Genesis that use Abram to those using the covenant name Abraham. From 1 Chron ...
... the community needs from its Davidic branch, as it does of any king. The story of Solomon in particular also shows that. Yahweh promises the community such a gifting for this branch, fulfilling Proverbs’ own vision of wisdom resting in the minds of people who are understanding (14:33; the same words as here). The branch will be permanently clothed in the kind of wisdom that lives in the world aware that it is God’s world. It is also in keeping with the vision of Proverbs that this wisdom issues in the ...
... view, and Christians will believe that the son of David was the supreme fulfillment of the servant vision (cf. Matt. 12:17–21). But, again, the context does not point the audience in the direction of initially understanding the servant in this way. The immediate context offers more pointers to understanding it as a reference to Nebuchadnezzar or his contemporary equivalent, Cyrus. He was in the picture in 41:21–29 and will be called Yahweh’s shepherd and Yahweh’s anointed in 44:28–45:1. On ...
... in which they took pride is literally “in the ships their cry.” NRSV “the shouting . . . will be turned to lamentation” takes the word for “boats” as another word which looks the same but means lamentation, and then takes the “cry” as a pained rather than a proud one. Again, either understanding makes sense. 43:22 There is no not in v. 22b. NIV assumes that the force of the not in v. 22a carries over. As in English, this is possible but not very natural (cf. NRSV). Difficulties in ...
... response continues in vv. 8–13. One indication of this is the opening phrase in v. 8, This is what the LORD says. Further words almost invariably qualify this in Isaiah 40–55 (as in v. 7, indeed); 45:14 is the only exception. The brief introduction is more understandable if it simply resumes that longer one in v. 7. The double structure of vv. 7–13 as a whole, then, parallels that of a passage such as 43:14–21. NIV implies the view that God is now addressing the servant who spoke in vv. 1–6, and ...
... can safely assume it was a very private place. As we will see, people knew they were meeting, but could not tell what they were talking about. The king asks Jeremiah to be completely forthcoming with him (Do not hide anything from me), but Jeremiah is understandably cautious (If I give you an answer, will you not kill me?). Furthermore, Jeremiah has had a history with this king; whenever he has given him advice or counsel through divine oracles, he has ignored it (Even if I did give you counsel, you would ...
... in the name of Yahweh, we are also reminded of the fact that Josiah later died because he did not heed the word of Yahweh as it was spoken through the mouth of Neco, pharaoh of Egypt (2 Chr. 35:20–22). Outside of the Bible the same understanding may be found as illustrated by the so-called Apology of Tukulti-Ninurta, where that Assyrian king claims that Marduk, the god of Babylon, commanded him to destroy that city. Additional Notes 40:6 Jeremiah, having chosen to stay in Judah, goes to Gedaliah who is at ...
... is simply the chains of a meaningless and self-centered preoccupation with your own needs. He wants to help you make a new start. He wants to be your Friend, your Ally as you seek to live an abundant life, filled to the brim with a joy that surpasses understanding. Today is the day that can happen. Will you join your life to that of Christ? Then you will be able to say that glorious chant that we first heard from Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr: “Free at last. Free at last. Thank God Almighty, [I’m] free at ...