... this text, that Christ “became poor” means that he came under the curse of the law on behalf of others so that, through his sacrifice, others might know the riches of the Spirit. 8:10–11 Paul goes from making an appeal to giving an opinion. As in 1 Corinthians 7:12, the apostle provides his advice to help the Corinthians in their practice of godly living. The Corinthians had already begun the collection a year earlier. In the meantime, the weekly collection for Jerusalem as directed in 1 Corinthians ...
... on the Lord to strike it. It is for this action that the Lord keeps him from entering the promised land. For a discussion of the history of interpretation of this text see Jacob, Exodus, pp. 36–38; Leibowitz, Shemot, pp. 40–46. For another opinion of Moses’ right to “kill” the Egyptian, see Enns, Exodus, pp. 78–84; see also Durham, Exodus, pp. 18–19. 2:14 See a close reading of these anticipatory relationships between Moses and the Israelites in Fretheim, Exodus, p. 44. 2:18 I am treating ...
... structured into or challenged by Scripture. 2:7 She said, “Please let me glean”: On the various functions of dialogue in Hb. narrative, see S. Bar-Efrat, Narrative Art in the Bible (Sheffield: Almond, 1989), pp. 64–77. On gleaning among the sheaves Joüon’s opinion is followed by Rudolph, Das Buch Ruth, p. 46. Into the field: On the textual problems in 2:7 see Campbell, Ruth; D. Lys, “Résidence ou repos? Notule sur Ruth ii 7,” VT 21 (1971), p. 498; Moore, “Two Textual Anomalies in Ruth,” pp ...
... for baking the offering bread (9:31) and preparing for every Sabbath the bread set out on the table (9:32). This description creates the impression of a well-organized cultic service in the postexilic sanctuary in Jerusalem. Although commentators are not unanimous in their opinions on which section is in fact concluded by the last verse (9:34), it is likely that it closes the section starting in 9:3. In 9:3 the writer emphasized that what follows is a list of people living in Jerusalem. First Chronicles 9 ...
... —the worshipers of Baal or the worshipers of the LORD? That question is bound up with another: who is really God (v. 21)? The people are not as neutral as the NIV’s translation of verse 21 implies (see the additional note). They may waver between two opinions, but while they are weighing up the odds in their heads they are in practice worshiping Baal as their god (v. 24) and neglecting the worship of the LORD (note the dilapidated state of the altar in v. 30). This is a people whose hearts have strayed ...
... to Caesar or not? Note the “for us”: Jesus, they imply, can afford as a non-Judean to be objective about what was for them a fraught existential issue. The trap is clear enough: to answer yes would be to alienate a large part of Judean public opinion, which saw this as a matter of patriotic principle; to answer no would make Jesus a dangerous radical in the eyes of the Romans. 20:24 Show me a denarius. The Roman silver coin, used for paying the tax, bore the portrait of the emperor and an inscription ...
... Jesus had been arrested in Judea, and it was there that execution was being demanded. If Pilate hoped that this move might relieve him of judicial responsibility, he was to be disappointed. But perhaps, like Festus in Acts 25:13–22, he was simply seeking a second opinion on the charge that he had found so unconvincing. 23:8 he had been wanting to see him. For Antipas’s earlier interest in Jesus as a miracle worker, see 9:7–9, though 13:31–33 shows that this interest had taken a more threatening ...
... detect demonic activity in the life of an individual or to sense false teaching. It also could be associated with discerning the message of the prophets to ensure that the proclaimed word was in keeping with the gospel. Today, churches differ in their opinion as to whether God still speaks through prophets or whether God speaks only through the Bible. A teacher is adept at explaining biblical doctrine. In New Testament times, teaching, like preaching, was devoted to poring over the Old Testament to see how ...
... We should go up and take possession of the land, for we can certainly do it” (13:30). Joshua may have taken a little longer to make up his mind or have kept silent at first because “his close affiliation with Moses would have discredited his opinion,”4 but ultimately he affirms Caleb’s viewpoint in support of Moses and Aaron. To both Caleb and Joshua, the issue is not the greatness of the enemies but rather the greatness of God. The name Joshua (Yehoshua, “Yahweh saves”) given him by Moses (13 ...
... strokes to paint a picture of God’s active role in exchanging kings and kingdoms for his purposes. Help them to see that God remains in control of human history even when powerful and oppressive kingdoms dominate the world in which we live. State your opinion on the identity of the kingdoms—with clearly evident respect for other views—but do not allow this issue to become the theme of your message. 2. God’s establishment of his kingdom. The most important thing about knowing God’s future plans for ...
... where militant messianic fervor ran high. In Caesarea Philippi, a region rife with competing religious claims, Jesus for the first time solicits a claim about his identity. “Who do people say I am?” he asks the disciples (8:27). The disciples repeat the popular opinion earlier voiced by Antipas (6:14–15) that Jesus is John the Baptist, Elijah, or one of the prophets. Elijah, in particular, was reputed to have been taken bodily into heaven without dying (2 Kings 2:11), whence he would come as a herald ...
... argues that those who observe these practices must not condemn those who do not, and that those who eat and drink anything must not despise those who have religious scruples regarding matters related to diet. Paul does not refrain from giving his opinion: those who have scruples concerning food or the observance of certain festival days are weak in their faith. Paul emphasizes five concerns. (1) Believers must not judge each other, because only God judges people (14:10–12). (2) Believers must not despise ...
... -minded”). This disagreement was most likely a personal quarrel over a matter of leadership, not the message of the gospel; otherwise Paul would have weighed in and given his opinion on the issue. Paul suggests that they resolve their disagreement through agreeing “in the Lord” (4:2) because it is the Lord’s interests and opinion that are ultimately important, not those of either woman. The love with which Paul treats them suggests their closeness to the apostle, as Paul reminds them that they are ...
... the center of attention in the first two controversies (2:1–12, 13–17) is Jesus and his actions, in the present and following passages (2:18–22, 23–28) it is the behavior of Jesus’ disciples that is in dispute. If the widely held scholarly opinion is correct that the Gospel authors wrote their accounts with a view to the needs and activities of the churches for whom they wrote, then these controversy stories were intended to show Jesus defending not only his own authority and message (as in 2:1 ...
... Israel’s high places and altars (i.e., Israel’s places of idol worship). 23:33 The Skull: As to why the place of Jesus’ execution was called the Skull opinions vary. Fitzmyer (p. 1503) states that the “place was probably so called because of the physical shape of a hill, not because it was a place of skulls.” The exact opposite opinion is expressed in HBD, p. 150. Following a Jewish legend, a few early church fathers entertained the notion that Golgotha was the place where Adam was buried, and it ...
... souls had not sinned, and had not died, among them Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Elijah, Hezekiah, Benjamin, Isaiah, Moses, Aaron, and others. The rabbis understood sin to be proscribed acts that a virtuous person could avoid. Paul, who also was a rabbi, had once shared this opinion, boasting that he was blameless under the law (Phil. 3:6). But Paul the convert understands sin to be a power of fallenness within and over humanity from which no one, Jew or Gentile, is free. 3:10–18 The assertion that all people ...
... for salvation. The weak judge the strong for what they believe to be illicit uses of freedom; the strong despise the weak for their lack of freedom. Each side judges the other from its own conscience in an attempt to compel the other to its opinion. Thus a great pitfall imperils the unity of Christ’s body. The issue, in Ernst Gaugler’s words, is the lack of “reverence for the conscience of the other” (Der Römerbrief, vol. 2, p. 317). The Reformers called these non-essentials adiaphora, or matters ...
... ” (Gk. hoi dokimoi, from dokimos) in v. 19. Thus, Paul’s language makes a connection that shows that the examination to which one is to submit oneself is to be done in terms of the standards of approval that God sets for life. God’s will, not human opinion, is to be the measure of one’s attitude and behavior. 11:30 Another way that one might understand Paul’s point in this verse is that since the body of Christ in Corinth is sick with controversy, the people who are members of the body are sick ...
... of a pseudepigrapher’s imagination, purposely cast as an apocalypse for theological or sociological intentions. More conservative commentators argue that John has written down in an objective and orderly fashion an accurate description of the visions he saw. Neither opinion takes the author’s own assessment of his composition seriously enough; both are biased by assumptions about the nature of divine revelation itself. First, John’s opening words tell us that he has received visions from God; later ...
... expressed in 9:14–20, 32–35. Additional Notes 11:7 The verb khqr, related to the noun for mysteries (kheqer), describes the thorough investigation carried out by spies (2 Sam. 10:3; Judg. 18:2), the probing of a legal case (Job 29:16) or personal opinion (1 Sam. 20:12), as well as exploration of the foundations of the earth (Jer. 31:37), and the failure to penetrate a forest (Jer. 46:23). The noun can refer to prudent deliberations (Judg. 5:16) or wisdom teachings passed down from earlier sages (Job 8 ...
... mistaken according to Bildad, who asks rhetorically: is the earth to be abandoned for your sake? This is the equivalent of the common contemporary reproach: “The world does not revolve around you!” or “You are not the center of the universe!” In Bildad’s opinion, Job thinks far too highly of himself, that God and the world should respond to his every word and thought. But Bildad places the world’s concern with Job’s plight at a much lower level. The order of the world will not be rearranged ...
... way. While it is an important aspect of biblical exegesis in any age to allow our own experiences to enter into the interpretive process and thus to highlight incongruities of life and text that we must explore, it is nevertheless wrongheaded, in my opinion, to allow our own sensibilities to rewrite the text in ways that obscure or undermine its original intention. If, by our modern standards, Job is an unthinking exploiter of the poor who excuses his exploitation by virtue of his attention to the needs ...
... hour, Jesus cried out in a loud voice, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? (some mss. read the Hebrew Eli, Eli instead of the Aramaic Eloi; cf. Mark and the allusion to Ps. 22:1). It means, My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Beare’s opinion that it would be physically impossible for Jesus to cry out in a loud voice after six hours on the cross (p. 535) stems from an unwillingness to allow for anything out of the ordinary. Theologians have pondered the significance of this unusual utterance. What does ...
... . Then the king repeats to Daniel the queen’s praise of his amazing gifts (5:14; cf. v. 11). Next the king tells of the failed attempt of his advisers to read and explain it (5:15; cf. vv. 7–8) and reiterates the queen’s high opinion of his interpretation skills (5:16). The king concludes by reviewing the proffered rewards: purple clothing, a gold chain, and promotion to third highest ruler, or perhaps appointment to high office (5:16; see the commentary and Additional Note on 5:7). He omits the queen ...
... cross that most clearly discloses Jesus’ significance. The account of John’s death opens with a reference to various popular opinions about Jesus (6:14–15), and these are the same ones mentioned in the dialogue between Jesus and the Twelve (in 8:27–28) about ... who he really is. Now of course all three opinions are wrong in Mark’s view; yet he cites them to show, not only that people were blind to Jesus’ true significance, but ...